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WILLIAM  PENN 
MEMORIAL 

1911 


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EPORT  ON  WILLIAM 
PENN  MEMORIAL  IN 
LONDON:  ERECTED  BY 
THE  PENNSYLVANIA 
SOCIETY  IN  THE  CITY  OF 
NEW  YORK,  JULY,  M  C  M  X  I 
BY  BARR  FERREE,  SECRETARY 
OF  THE  SOCIETY 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  PENNSYLVANIA 

SOCIETY  •  AT  249  WEST  13th  STREET 

NEW  YORK    MCMXI 


P7rz 
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ANNUAL  PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE 
PENNSYLVANIA  SOCIETY 

The  Annual  Year  Book  of  the  Society  is  a  record  of  its  yearly  work  and  a 
summary  of  contemporary  patriotic  and  historical  activity  in   Pennsylvania. 


Volumes  of  the  Series 


First 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 
Year 


Annual  Festival,  1890.     Paper. 
Tj^^L.    T^T     Cloth.    Pages.    68 


Book,  1901 
Book,  1902. 
Book,  1903. 
Book,  1904. 
Book,  1905. 
Book,  1906. 
Book,  1907. 
Book,  1908. 
Book,  1909. 
Book,  1910. 
Book,  1911. 


Cloth.  Pages,  143. 

Cloth.  Pages,  208. 

Cloth.  Pages,  352. 

Cloth.  Pages,  208. 

Goth.  Pages,  223. 

Goth.  Pages,  264. 

Cloth.  Pages,  248. 

Goth.  Pages,  216. 

Goth.  Pages,  240. 

Cloth.  Pages,  232. 


Pages,  54. 

Illustrations,  18. 

Illustrations,  72. 

Illustrations,  150. 

Illustrations,  175. 

Illustrations,  88. 

Illustrations,  113. 

Illustrations,  loi. 

Illustrations,  112. 

Illustrations,  103. 

Illustrations,  88. 

Illustrations,  126. 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

The  Council  of  the  Society 7 

The  Honorary  Committee 8 

The  Executive  Committee 8 

Introductory  9 

The   Commemoration ii 

The  Dedication  of  the  Memorial 12 

Address  of  Dedication 13 

Prayer  of  Dedication 15 

The  Penn  Family  at  the  Dedication 16 

The   Inscription 16 

The  Exhibition 17 

The  Tea 19 

The  Commemorative  Dinner 20 

The  Guests 22 

The  Toasts  and  Speakers 25 

Cable  Messages  25 

Letter  from  the  Rt.  Hon.  Arthur  James  Balfour,  M.P 26 

Letter  from  the  Rt.  Hon.  Augustine  Birrell 27 

Address  of  Col.  Robert  M.  Thompson 28 

Address  of  Admiral  Hon.  Sir  Hedworth  Lambton 29 

Address  of  Rear-Admiral  French  E.  Oiadwick 33 

Address  of  Field-Marshal  The  Viscount  Kitchener 35 

Address  of  the  Earl  of  Ranfurly 36 

Address  of  the  Hon.  James  M.  Beck 38 

Address  of  Admiral  The  Lord  Charles  Beresford 46 

Address  of  the  Hon.  Wallace  Nesbitt 47 

Address  of  His  Excellency,  the  Hon.  Whitelaw  Reid 50 

Address  of  the  Hon.  George  F.  Baer 52 

Response  of  Her  Grace,  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland 55 

Response  of  the  Marquess  of  Stafford 56 

The  Philadelphia  Luncheon 57 

The  Commemorative  Medal 59 

The  Grave  at  Jordans 61 

A  Personal  Word 64 

Comments  from  Friends  and  the  Press 68 

Citizen  William  Penn.    By  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sik  T.  Vezey  Strong,  Lord 

Mayor  of  London  81 

Allhallows  Barking   , 91 

Stafford  House  99 

William  Penn  in  Cork  108 


549407 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

PAGE 

Portrait  of  Wiluam  Penn Frontispiece 

From  the  original  portrait  in  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Autograph  of  William  Penn Frontispiece 

From  the  original  in  Devonshire  House,  London. 

Portrait  and  Autograph  of  Colonel  Robert  Means  Thompson,  Presi- 
dent OF  The  Pennsylvania  Society 8 

Facsimile  of  the  Record  of  William  Penn's  Baptism  in  the  Register 
of  Allhallows  Barking lo 

Arms  of  William  Penn ii 

Arms  of  the  City  of  London 12 

Room  at  King  John's  Farm,  Chorleywood,  in  Which  William  PtNN 

Married  Gulielma  Springett,  April  4,  1672 16 

From  a  photograph  loaned  the  Society  by  the  Hon.  Arthur  Capell, 
the  present  owner  of  King  John's  Farm. 

Penn's    Ship   "Welcome" 18 

The  William  Penn  Memorial  Tablet 24 

Designed  for  the  Society  by  McKim,  Mead  &  White  in  Memory  of 
Charles  Follen  McKim. 

Arrival  of  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  at  Allhallows  Barking  on 
the  Occasion  of  the  Dedication  of  the  William  Penn  Memorial.     32 

The  Lord  Mayor  of  London  and  the  Lady  Mayoress  Leaving  Allhal- 
lows   Barking 48 

The  Commemorative  Medal 58 

Designed  for  the  Society  by  John  Flanagan,  A.N.A. 

Facsimile  of  Signatures  to  Penn's  "Frame  of  Government" 60 

The  Grave  of  William  Penn  at  Jordans  Meeting- House,  with  the 
Wreath  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society,  July  14,  191  i 60 

Plan  of  Jordans  Burial-Ground 62 

From   Howard   M.   Jenkins:     "The  Family  of  William   Penn,"  by 
courtesy  of  Charles  F.  Jenkins. 

The  Burial-Ground  at  Jordans  Meeting- House 64 

Proprietary  Seal  of  William  Penn 67 

Facsimile  of  Title- Page  of  Penn's  "Frame  of  Government,  1682" 80 

The  Penn  Memorial  and  the  Banner  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society 

in  Allhallows  Barking 80 

Penn  Treaty  Monument,  Shackamaxon,  Philadelphia 90 

Nave  of  Allhallows  Barking 90 


Illustrations 


Portrait   and   Autograph    of    the    Honourable    William    Andrews 

Clark,  Vice-President  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society 96 

Copyright,  1908,  by  Pach  Bros. 

Seal  of  Philadelphia,  1683 97 

Facsimile  of  Title-Page  of  Penn's  Pamphlet  on  His  Trial  at  the 
Old  Bailey   98 

Vane  on  Pusey's  Mill,  Pennsylvania,  1699 — William  Penn,  Samuel 

Carpenter,  Caleb  Pusey 106 

Drawn  by  David  McNeely  Stauffer. 

Facsimile  of  Title-Page  of  Penn's  "Some  Account  of  the  Province,"' 
London,  1681  107 

Facsimile  of  Title-Page  of  Penn's  Manuscript  Journal  of  His  Jour- 
ney INTO  Holland  and  Germany,  1677 no 


THE  COUNCIL  OF  THE  SOCIETY 

ROBERT    MEANS    THOMPSON  President 

WILLIAM     A     CLARK  First   Vice-President 

ROBERT    MAZET  Second   Vice-President 

FREDERICK    H    EATON  Third   Vice-President 

WILLIAM     UHLER    HENSEL  Fourth   Vice-President 

THE    RT    REV    ETHELBERT  TALBOT    DD            Chaplain 

BARR    FERREE  Secretary 

WILLIAM     GUGGENHEIM  Treasurer 


THE  TRUSTEES 

1909-1912 

THOMAS    E    KIRBY  JAMES    GAYLEY 

GEORGE    A    POST 

1910-1913 

WILLIAM    HARRISON    BROWN  HORACE    PORTER 

HENRY    F    SHOEMAKER 

1911-1914 

RICHARD    THEODORE    DAVIES  C    L    SNOWDON 

EDWIN    S    STUART 


THE  WILLIAM   PENN   MEMORIAL 


THE  HONOEAEY   COMMITTEE 

American  Section. 

Hon,  Philander  Chase  Knox,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States, 
Honorary  Chairman. 


His  Excellency  the  Hon.  John  G.  A. 

Leishman. 
Dr.  Andrew  Carnegie. 
Hon.  William  A.  Dark. 
Hon.  George  W.  Wickersham. 
Rt.  Rev.  James  Henry  Darlington,  D.D. 
Hon,  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker. 
Hon.  John  K.  Tener. 
Hon.  John  E.  Reyburn. 
John  W.  Alexander,  P.N.A. 


Hon.  George  B.  McClellan. 
General  Horace  Porter. 
Hon.  Lloyd  C.  Griscom. 
Hon.  John  Wanamaker. 
Hon.  S.  Leslie  Mestrezat. 
Dr.  Horace  Howard  Furness. 
Rear-Admiral  Robert  E.  Peary, 

U.S.N. 
Henry  Phipps,  Esq. 
John  Drew,  Esq. 


English  Section. 

Admiral  The  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O. 
Honorary  Vice-Chairman. 


M.P., 


His  Serene  Highness  Vice-Admiral 
Prince  Louis  of  Battenberg,  G.CB., 
G.C.V.O. 

The  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

The  Duke  of  Devonshire. 

The  Duke  of  Sutherland,  KG. 

The  Earl  of  Derby,  P.C,  G.C.V.O. 

The  Earl  of  Ranfurly,  P.C,  G.C.M.G. 

Field-Marshal  The  Viscount  Kitch- 
ener of  Khartoum,  K.P.,  G.C.B., 
O.M.,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G.,  G.CLE. 

The  Lord  Bishop  of  London. 

The  Lord  Alverstone,  P.C,  G.C.M.G. 

The  Lord  Desborough,  K.C.V.O. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  James  Bryce,  O.M. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  Augustine  Birrell,  M.P. 


The  Rt.  Hon.  Arthur  James  Balfour, 

M.P. 
Admiral  of  the  Fleet  The  Rt.  Hon. 

Sir  Edward  Seymour,  P.C,  G.C.B., 

O.M.,  G.C.V.O. 
The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir.  George  Trevelyan, 

Bart.,  P.C,  O.M. 
The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Fry,  P.C, 

G.CB. 
Hon.  Wallace  Nesbitt,  K.C 
Col.  R.  C  B.  Lawrence,  CB. 
Lt.-Colonel  Dugald  Stuart. 
Thomas  Penn  Gaskell,  Esq. 
Rev.  Arthur  W.  Robinson,  D.D. 
John  Murray,  Esq. 
Dr.  Thomas  Hodgkin. 


THE  EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE 

Col.    Robert    Means    Thompson,    Chairman. 
Thomas  E.  Kirby.       Barr  Ferree. 


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INTRODUCTORY 

The  Memorial  to  William  Penn,  erected  by  The  Pennsylvania 
Society  in  the  Church  of  Allhallows  Barking-by-the-Tower  in  Lon- 
don, originated  in  a  proposal  to  place  a  tablet  on  the  site  of  Penn's 
birthplace.  From  the  very  beginning  the  plan  received  the  enthu- 
siastic support  of  the  Council  of  the  Society,  which  was  by  no  means 
lessened  when  it  was  found  that  the  site  of  the  birthplace  had  long 
since  practically  disappeared. 

Penn  was  born  on  Tower  Hill,  to  the  northwest  of  the  Tower. 
His  father's  house  was  in  a  court,  sometimes  called  George  Court, 
on  the  east  side  of  Trinity  Square,  Tower  Hill.  What  survives  of 
the  court  is  now  a  goods  yard,  and  lies  between  George  Street  on  the 
south  and  the  Tower  Station  of  the  District  Railway  on  the  north. 
Most  of  the  court  was  destroyed  in  1883  for  the  building  of  the 
station,  and  this,  in  turn,  disappeared  in  1904  as  not  needed.  A 
fragment  of  the  London  wall  forms,  or  formed,  a  part  of  the  east 
wall  of  the  court  in  which  the  Penn  house  stood. 

Under  these  circumstances  it  became  necessary  for  the  Society 
to  erect  its  Memorial  on  some  other  site.  The  Church  of  Allhallows 
Barking-by-the-Tower  offered  itself  as  the  one  structure  in  London 
intimately  associated  with  Penn's  infant  years;  for  nine  days  after 
his  birth,  on  October  14,  that  is  to  say  on  October  23,  1644,  he  was 
brought  into  this  church  and  given  the  name  by  which  he  was 
destined  to  be  known  in  history  for  all  time.  That  Penn  himself 
afterwards  became  a  Quaker  and  cast  off  the  faith  of  his  fathers  is 
quite  beside  the  fact  that  this  ancient  church  alone,  of  all  the  build- 
ings and  sites  in  London,  was  actually  associated  with  his  birth. 

Application  was  made  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Arthur  W.  Robinson, 
Vicar  of  Allhallows,  for  permission  to  place  a  Memorial  to  Penn 
in  his  church,  and  in  due  time  this  was  accorded.  The  plans  for 
carrying  out  the  Memorial  were  unexpectedly  delayed  by  the  death 
of  Mr.  Charles  Pollen  McKim,  the  distinguished  architect,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society,  who  had  kindly  acceded  to  the  Committee's 
request  that  he  prepare  the  design.  This  work  was  afterwards  done 
by  his  firm,  Messrs.  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  as  a  testimonial  to  their 
senior  member. 


lo  William  Penn  Memorial 

Mr.  McKim's  death  was  not  the  only  loss  the  Society  sustained 
during  the  preliminary  work  in  connection  with  the  Memorial.  Mr. 
J.  Hampden  Robb,  our  former  President,  and  identified  with  the 
Memorial  from  the  beginning,  died  on  January  21,  191 1,  and  did 
not  live  to  see  completed  a  project  in  which  he  was  deeply  interested, 
and  to  the  realization  of  which  he  had  frequently  contributed  of  his 
time  and  thought.  Mr.  Robb  more  than  once  represented  the  Society 
in  London  in  connection  with  the  Memorial,  and  he  displayed  the 
greatest  interest  in  every  stage  of  the  undertaking. 

Nor  was  interest  in  the  Memorial  limited  to  the  Committee 
which  acted  in  an  executive  capacity  towards  it.  The  cost  of 
modelling  the  design  and  casting  it  in  bronze  was  generously  met 
by  the  Honourable  William  Andrews  Clark,  Vice-President  of  the 
Society.  The  Venerable  George  Francis  Nelson,  D.D.,  Archdeacon 
of  New  York,  prepared  the  inscription.  Mr.  Thomas  E.  Kirby,  a 
member  of  the  Committee  from  the  beginning,  defrayed  the  cost  of 
the  dies  of  the  Penn  Commemorative  medal. 

Finally,  the  Secretary  must  be  permitted  to  refer,  in  this  con- 
nection, to  the  munificent  generosity  of  our  President,  Colonel 
Robert  Means  Thompson,  who  made  a  journey  to  England  ex- 
pressly to  preside  at  the  dedication  of  the  Memorial  and  who,  as  the 
host  of  the  Penn  Commemorative  Dinner  at  Stafford  House,  did 
so  much  to  give  distinction  and  brilliancy  to  the  dedicatory  exer- 
cises. Colonel  Thompson  has  placed  the  Society  heavily  in  his  debt 
for  the  exceedingly  generous,  as  well  as  extraordinarily  able  manner 
in  which  he  acted  on  its  behalf. 

FACSIMILE    OF    THE    RECORD    OF    WILLIAM    PENN's    BAPTISM    IN    THE    REGISTER 
OF  ALLHALLOWS  BARKING. 


ARMS   OF   PENN. 


THE  COMMEMORATION 

The  exercises  arranged  for  the  dedication  of  the  William  Penn 
Memorial  in  London  comprised  four  events : 

1.  The  dedication  and  unveiling  of  the  Memorial  Tablet  in  the 
Church  of  Allhallows  Barking-by-the-Tower. 

2.  Historical  Exhibition  arranged  by  the  Friends'  Historical 
Society  in  Devonshire  House,  Bishopsgate. 

3.  Tea  by  The  Pennsylvania  Society  in  Devonshire  House. 

4.  Commemorative  Dinner  at  Stafford  House,  St.  James's, 
S.  W.,  which  was  lent  to  President  Thompson  for  this  purpose  by 
His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Sutherland. 

These  events  followed  each  other  in  rapid  succession  on  July 
13,  beginning  with  the  dedication  and  unveiling  at  three-thirty,  suc- 
ceeded by  the  exhibition  and  tea  at  four-thirty,  and  being  completed 
with  the  dinner  at  seven-thirty.  Owing  to  the  exceeding  courtesy 
and  great  care  shown  by  the  gentlemen  and  institutions  of  which 
The  Pennsylvania  Society  was  the  guest,  each  particular  part  of  the 
programme  was  carried  through  with  perfect  order  and  without 
haste. 


ARMS   OF  THE   CITY   OF   LONDON. 


THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  MEMORIAL 

Allhallows  Barking-by-the-Tower,  July  13,  3.30  P.  M. 

A  festal  air  permeated  the  ancient  Church  of  Allhallows  Bark- 
ing-by-the-Tower  on  the  afternoon  of  July  13.  Crowds  gather 
rapidly  in  this  densely  crowded  part  of  the  City  of  London,  where 
in  the  midst  of  so  much  activity  there  are  always  many  persons  to 
note  the  least  out  of  the  ordinary.  City  policemen  to  guard  the  church 
door  were  the  first  intimation  that  something  was  presently  to  be  in 
progress  within  those  old  walls.  Curiosity  was  whetted  by  the 
unwonted  arrival  of  taxi-cabs  and  carriages,  and  rose  to  a  high 
pitch  when  the  Boy  Scouts,  "The  Lord  Mayor's  Own,"  attached  to 
the  church,  formed  a  guard  line  from  the  doorway  to  the  curb. 
The  bells  rang  out  glad  hymns  of  welcome  and  as  the  hour  ap- 
proached the  stream  of  invited  guests  increased  in  numbers,  the 


William  Penn  Memorial  13 

church  quickly  filled,  and  the  waiting  crowd  outside  approached  the 
dimensions  of  a  mob. 

Presently  from  the  head  of  Great  Tower  Street  a  single 
mounted  policeman  appeared ;  the  guard  of  honour  widened  the  ap- 
proach, and  two  gorgeous  carriages  drove  up  rapidly.  All  London 
without  the  church  knew  exactly  what  these  coaches  were  and  who 
were  contained  within  them ;  for  the  civic  corporation  of  London  was 
to  pay  tribute  to  William  Penn  in  the  persons  of  one  of  its  sheriffs — 
Sir  Henry  C.  Buckingham,  and  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Lady  Mayoress 
— the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir.  T.  Vezey  Strong  and  Lady  Strong. 

These,  the  chief  guests  of  the  Society  on  this  occasion,  were 
received  at  the  door  of  the  church  by  President  Thompson  and  the 
Secretary,  and  preceded  by  the  Sword  Bearer  and  the  Mace  Bearer 
and  accompanied  by  the  City  Marshal,  the  procession  of  state 
moved  into  the  church,  the  Lord  Mayor  and  the  Lady  Mayoress 
occupying  their  historic  pew  at  the  head  of  the  nave,  and  just  below 
the  ancient  sword  rests  that  stand  upon  the  choir  screen  before  it. 

President  Thompson  occupied  a  seat  of  honour  in  the  choir 
stalls,  and  the  Secretary  found  a  place  just  before  the  Memorial. 
Then  the  fresh  boy  voices  took  up  the  lines  of  the  opening  hymn, 
and  the  short  and  beautiful  special  service,  arranged  with  the  appro- 
bation of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  was  proceeded  with. 

After  the  Lord's  Prayer  and  the  Gloria  Patria,  the  Twenty- 
third  Psalm  was  sung.  Then,  escorted  by  the  mace  bearer  of  the 
church.  President  Thompson  advanced  to  the  reading-desk  imme- 
diately below  the  pulpit,  and  delivered  the  address  of  dedication. 

ADDRESS  OF  DEDICATION. 

Two  hundred  three  score  and  seven  years  ago  a  child  was  bom 
in  a  house  on  Tower  Hill,  who  became  a  great  Englishman  and  a 
great  American.  Upon  the  23d  of  October  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1644,  that  child  was  baptized  in  this  church  and  christened  William 
Penn.  Measured  by  the  span  of  our  lives,  two  hundred  and  sixty- 
seven  years  outrange  the  scope  of  human  memory;  but  within  the 
walls  of  this  ancient  and  holy  edifice,  the  generations  are  but  as  days 
in  the  life  of  a  nation. 


14  William  Penn  Memorial 

At  a  moment  when  the  fore-ordained  revolution  of  the  cen- 
turies has  brought  us  near  to  a  covenant  of  peace  and  amity,  binding 
together  England  and  the  kindred  nation  of  which  William  Penn 
was  one  of  the  founders  and  heroes ;  it  is  fitting  that  the  sons  of  the 
State  he  founded  should  be  here  present  to  celebrate  the  erection  of 
a  memorial  to  him  in  the  church  in  which  he  was  christened. 
Although  in  later  life  he  quitted  the  church  of  his  fathers  to  join 
an  outlawed  fellowship,  in  spirit  he  remained  loyal  to  the  great 
truths  which  this  church  teaches ;  and  those  things  which  his  spon- 
sors promised  for  him  that  he  should  do,  he  did  faithfully  perform 
even  unto  his  life's  end. 

Nurtured  amid  the  splendours  and  vanities  of  Kings'  houses ;  a 
frequenter  of  the  Courts  of  King  Charles  the  Second  and  of  Louis 
the  Fourteenth,  William  Penn  chose  to  embrace  the  godly  austeri- 
ties of  the  Quaker  faith.  Sprung  from  an  ancestry  of  men  of 
war,  he  became  an  apostle  of  peace.  Refusing  the  manifold  tempta- 
tions of  a  life  of  ease,  he  went  out  into  an  unknown  and  savage 
wilderness,  bearing  with  him  a  message  of  goodwill.  To  recite  his 
own  words,  which  are  engraved  upon  this  memorial,  he  did  not 
"usurp  the  right  of  any,  nor  oppress  his  person"  for,  as  he  said, 
"God  has  furnisht  me  with  a  better  resolution  and  has  given  me 
grace  to  keep  it." 

At  a  time  when  the  nations  of  the  Old  World  carried  the  sword 
into  the  New  Continent,  wasting,  slaying  and  despoiling,  William 
Penn  employed  only  the  arts  of  peace  and  justice.  Of  the  savage 
Indians  he  made  friends  by  fair  dealing.  No  internecine  strife  dese- 
crated the  pleasant  land  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  the  city  he  established 
between  the  fair  rivers  of  the  Schuylkill  and  the  Delaware  became 
in  very  truth  the  City  of  Brotherly  Love. 

Having  finished  his  work,  he  returned  to  the  country  of  his 
birth,  leaving  behind  him  a  flourishing  and  prosperous  State  in 
which  peace  prevailed,  justice  was  done,  and  fair  dealing  between 
man  and  man  was  the  rule ;  and  when  he  died,  we  doubt  not  that  he 
was  received  into  that  heavenly  city,  whose  counterpart  he  strove  to 
create  upon  earth. 

His  name  may  not  unworthily  be  held  in  remembrance  on  these 
ancient  and  sacred  walls.     To  your  keeping  we  now  confide  this 


William  Penn  Memorial  15 

memorial,  brought  hither  with  love  and  reverence  from  across  the 
sea,  to  show  honour  to  the  memory  of  William  Penn. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  address  the  Vicar  of  the  church,  Presi- 
dent Thompson,  the  Lord  Mayor,  the  Lady  Mayoress,  Sheriff  Sir 
Henry  C.  Buckingham,  Dr.  James  M.  Beck,  representing  the  Gover- 
nor of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Society  advanced  to 
the  space  immediately  before  the  Memorial.  The  tablet  was  covered 
with  the  State  Flag  of  Pennsylvania,  flanked  on  either  side  by  the 
National  American  Flag  and  the  Union  Jack — splendid  flags  of  silk 
they  were,  brought  for  this  purpose  by  the  Society. 

There  was  a  solemn  pause;  then,  at  the  request  of  Dr.  Robin- 
son, the  Secretary  of  the  Society  pulled  the  cord,  and  the  memorial 
was  unveiled.    Dr.  Robinson  then  read  the  prayer  of  dedication : 

PRAYER  OF  DEDICATION. 

Almighty  and  Everlasting  God,  Who  art  the  Father  of  Lights, 
and  from  Whom  cometh  down  every  good  and  perfect  gift;  We 
thank  Thee  that  Thou  hast  put  it  into  the  hearts  of  these  our  brethren 
to  desire  to  place  in  this  ancient  Church  a  Memorial  of  the  Grace 
which  Thou  didst  give  to  Thy  servant  William  Penn,  and  we  pray 
that  Thou  wouldst  favourably  accept  this  deed  of  theirs.  We  acknowl- 
edge together  the  wonderful  workings  of  Thy  Providence  in  the  years 
that  are  past,  and  we  humbly  beseech  Thee  to  unite  our  nations  ever 
more  closely  in  the  bond  of  peace  and  holy  charity,  for  the  promoting 
of  Thy  glory  and  the  well-being  of  mankind.  We  ask  it  according 
to  the  good  purpose  which  Thou  hast  revealed  to  us  in  our  most 
blessed  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.    Amen. 

The  choir  sang,  unaccompanied,  the  anthem  "God  Is  a  Spirit," 
and  the  service  concluded  with  two  collects  and  the  benediction. 
The  National  anthems  were  then  sung,  a  verse  of  "My  Country,  'tis 
of  Thee"  being  interposed  between  two  verses  of  "God  Save  the 
King." 

The  Society  made  every  effort  to  invite  all  the  living  descend- 
ants of  William  Penn  to  the  dedication  ceremony.    The  following 


i6 


William  Penn  Memorial 


ladies  and  gentlemen,  all  lineal  descendants  of  Penn,  signified  their 
intent  of  being  present  on  this  occasion : 

THE  PENN    FAMILY   AT   THE    MEMORIAL  .DEDICATION. 


The  Rt.  Hon.  The  Earl  of  Ranfurly, 
Lady  Constance  Milnes  Gaskell,    Mrs.  Colquhoun  Grant, 


Lady  Eileen  Knox, 
Miss  Alice  Alexander, 
Major  Claud  Alexander, 
Miss  Constance  Alexander, 
Major  Dudley  Alexander, 
Capt.  Frederick  Alexander, 
Mr.  Granville  Alexander, 
Mr.  Henry  Alexander, 
Mr.  George  Penn  Gaskell, 
Mr.  L.  DaCosta  Penn  Gaskell, 
Mr.  Thomas  Penn  Gaskell, 
Miss  Penn  Gaskell, 


Mr.  Stuart  C.  Grant, 
Capt.  Granville  Knox, 
Miss  Winnifred  Penn-Gaskell. 
Mr.  E.  W.  Rashleigh, 
Brig.-Gen.  R.  Reade,  C.B., 
Miss  Mary  L.  Ridley, 
Mrs.  George  Shaw, 
Sister  Constance  Stuart, 
Lt.-Col.  Dugald  Stuart, 
Miss  E.  F.  S.  Stuart, 
Sister  Florence  Stuart, 
Major  R.  E.  Stuart, 


The  inscription  on  the  tablet  is  as  follows: 

In  Memory  of 

WILLIAM     PENN 

Baptized  in  this   Church  October  23d,  A.  D.,   1644 

Proprietary  Founder  and   Governor  of 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Exemplar    of    Brotherhood    and    Peace 
Lawgiver     .     .     .     Lover  of  Mankind. 

"I  shall  not  usurp  the  right  of  any,  or  oppress 
his  Person.  God  has  furnisht  me  with  a  better 
Resolution  and  has  given  me  His  Grace  to  keep  it." 

This  Tablet  is  erected  by 
THE  PENNSYLVANIA  SOCIETY  OF  NEW  YORK— A.  D.  1911. 


THE  EXHIBITION 

Devonshire  House,  4-7  P.  M. 

The  exhibition  at  Devonshire  House,  which  was  arranged  by 
Mr.  Norman  Penney,  Librarian  of  the  Friends'  Reference  Library, 
was  a  collection  of  great  interest.  It  comprised  manuscripts,  books, 
papers  and  portraits  directly  concerned  with  William  Penn  himself 
or  with  the  members  of  his  family.  It  was  a  fine  demonstration  of 
the  literary  treasures  of  Devonshire  House,  the  great  wealth  of 
which  in  these  matters  is  scarcely  known  outside  its  own  walls.  As 
most  of  its  most  precious  documents  are  kept  in  secure  vaults,  this 
exhibition  provided  a  quite  unique  opportunity  for  inspecting  them. 

Among  the  many  Penn  manuscripts  shown  were  autograph 
letters  from  William  Penn  to  the  Duke  of  York,  Lord  Sunderland 
and  John  Gratton,  facsimile  letters  of  Penn,  and  autograph  letters 
from  his  sister  and  brother-in-law,  Margaret  and  Anthony  Lowther. 

Of  singular  personal  interest  was  a  copy  of  the  book,  ''A  Serious 
Apology  for  the  Principles  and  Practises  of  the  People  Call'd  Quak- 
ers," etc.,  by  George  Whitehead  and  William  Penn,  1671,  bearing 
Penn's  autograph :  'Tor  my  Deare  ffriend  Gulielma  Maria  Springett, 
W.P.,"  truly  a  solemn  and  auspicious  offering  to  the  lady  of  one's 
heart.  Of  somewhat  related  interest  was  the  Minute  Book  of  Hors- 
ham Monthly  Meeting,  1695,  liberating  William  Penn  for  marriage 
with  Hannah  Callowhill,  of  Bristol.  A  photograph  of  the  record  of 
marriage  with  Guli  Springett  from  registers  at  Somerset  House, 
and  copies  in  the  original  Minute  Books  of  the  certificates  of  mar- 
riage with  Guli  and  Hannah  were  also  shown. 

Two  rare  proclamations  for  the  apprehension  of  William  Penn, 
issued  by  William  and  Mary  in  1690;  a  plan  of  Penn's  Shangarry 
estate,  the  book  of  Ministering  Friends,  showing  Penn's  visit  to 
various  meetings  in  London,  and  a  number  of  original  documents 
for  the  conveyance  of  land  in  Pennsylvania  were  also  included. 

The  books  and  tracts  comprised,  among  other  interesting  ex- 
hibits, a  plan  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and  advertisements  for 
colonists,  1683 ;  three  volumes  of  first  editions  of  Penn  tracts ;  four 
volumes  of  tracts  belonging  to  Guli  Penn,  indexed  by  Thomas  Ell- 
wood  and  several  original  treaties  of  the  Penn  family  with  the 
Indians. 


1 8  William  Penn  Memorial 

Special  mention  should  be  made  of  the  only  known  copy  of 
"A  new  Primmer  of  methodical  directions  to  attain  the  true  spelling, 
reading  and  writing  of  English"  by  Francis  Daniel  Pastorius,  loaned 
by  the  Bevan  Naish  Library  of  Birmingham.  It  contains  an  auto- 
graph address  to  William  Penn  by  Pastorius,  with  elaborate  ''ono- 
mastical  considerations,  enlarged  from  the  number  of  sixty-six  to 
that  of  one  hundred,  and  presented,  or  rather  re-presented  to 
William  Penn,  Proprietary  and  Governour  of  Pennsylvania  and  ter- 
ritories thereunto  belonging,  Patri  Patriae,  the  father  of  this  province 
and  lately  also  the  father  of  John  Penn,  the  innocent  and  hopeful 
babe  by  whose  nativity  and  names  sake  they  were  first  contrived." 
At  the  end  Pastorius  writes :  ''As  the  foregoing  leaves  are  presented 
to  William  Penn  to  make  use  therefore  according  to  the  free  law  of 
hospitality  in  disliking  where  he  doth  not  like,  So  the  following  are 
dedicated  to  John  Penn,  the  first  lovely  product  of  his  second  con- 
nubial love,  who  being  as  yet  an  infant  and  unskilled  in  read-knowl- 
edge, must  look  to  others  to  make  his  beginning." 

Other  books  included  Gabriel  Thomas's  famous  "History  of 
Pennsylvania,"  1698,  together  with  modern  books  on  Jordans,  Penn- 
sylvania, Philadelphia,  etc.  Of  miscellaneous  relics  mention  may 
be  made  of  pieces  of  wood  from  the  famous  Treaty  Tree  at  Shacka- 
maxon,  Philadelphia,  and  some  articles  made  from  this  wood;  a 
plaster  bust  of  Penn,  portraits  of  Penn,  illustrations  of  Jordans, 
where  Penn  is  buried,  and  of  King  John's  Farm  at  Chorleywood 
where  he  married  Guli  Springett. 


THE      WELCOME. 


THE    TEA 

Devonshire  House,  4.30  P.  M. 

Devonshire  House  in  Bishopsgate  Street  has  been  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  England  for  more  than  a 
century.  With  the  exception  of  the  years  1905  and  1908,  the  London 
Yearly  Meeting  has  been  held  consecutively  from  1794  in  these 
premises  until  the  present  time.  The  original  lease  is  dated  April 
3,  1667.  The  old  Meeting-house  was  built  under  the  supervision  of 
William  Meade  and  Gilbert  Latey  in  1678.  The  freehold  was  pur- 
chased by  Thomas  Talwin  in  1766  and  given  by  him  to  the  Friends 
for  about  half  the  cost.  Two  large  Meeting-houses,  each  capable  of 
seating  about  a  thousand  persons,  were  built  in  1793-1794;  one  for 
the  Men's  Yearly  Meeting,  the  other  for  the  Women's.  Purchases 
of  blocks  of  houses  and  other  properties  were  made  in  1792,  1835, 
1868  and  1875,  so  that  the  Devonshire  House  property  now  occupies 
about  1,800  square  yards.  It  consists  of  an  immense  group  of 
buildings,  most  of  which  is  put  to  various  uses  by  the  Society  of 
Friends  for  meetings  and  offices.  The  larger  part  of  the  street 
exterior  is  leased  as  an  hotel,  and  affords  a  substantial  revenue. 

A  long  passage  leads  to  the  court  or  yard  on  which  the  Meeting- 
houses open.  Above  are  the  Friends'  Reference  Library,  the  rooms 
of  the  Friends'  Institute  and  many  committee  rooms.  William  Penn 
unquestionably  attended  Meeting  on  this  site,  but  the  structures 
now  standing  are  of  later  date  than  his  time.  The  rooms  of  the 
Friends'  Institute  includes  a  Friends'  portrait  gallery,  which  contains 
a  fine  collection  of  prints  and  portraits,  and  which  was  kindly  opened 
to  The  Pennsylvania  Society  and  its  guests  on  the  occasion  of  the 
Tea. 

The  Tea  was  served  at  small  tables  in  the  Yard,  which,  being 
without  a  roof,  was  a  most  agreeable  place  for  this  function  on  the 
clear  warm  summer  afternoon  on  which  the  Penn  Commemoration 
fell.  The  available  space  here  was  quite  ample  and  the  Committee 
of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  was  deeply  grateful  for  the  courtesy 
of  the  Society  of  Friends  which  placed  this  space  at  its  disposal  and 
which  permitted  this  delightful  and  informal  gathering  to  take  place 
on  this  historic  site. 


THE   DINNER 

Stafford  House^  St.  James's,,  7.30  P.  M. 

The  Penn  Commemorative  Dinner,  given  by  President  Robert 
Means  Thompson  at  Stafford  House,  St.  James,  S.  W.,  must  always 
rank  among  the  most  notable  functions  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 
From  the  beginning  of  the  arrangements  for  the  Penn  Memorial, 
it  had  been  President  Thompson's  wish  to  crown  the  exercises  with 
an  invitation  dinner,  at  which  the  entire  company  would  be  his  per- 
sonal guests.  The  dinner  had  been  planned  for  Claridge's  Hotel. 
The  preliminary  arrangements  had  been  made  for  that  place  and  the 
formal  invitations  designated  it  as  the  location  of  the  Dinner.  Almost 
immediately  after  President  Thompson's  arrival  in  London — actu- 
ally but  nine  days  before  the  date  of  the  Commemoration — His 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  paid  him  the  extraordinary  and  quite 
unheard-of  compliment  of  tendering  him  the  use  of  his  magnificent 
London  mansion  for  the  Penn  Commemorative  Dinner.  The  ar- 
rangements made  for  Claridge's  were  quickly  cancelled,  new  cards 
were  prepared,  and  the  dinner  transferred  to  Stafford  House. 

The  centre  of  Stafford  House  is  occupied  by  an  immense  hall 
containing  the  stairway  of  honour.  The  rooms  utilized  for  the  dinner 
were  reached  by  these  stairs,  and  surrounded  two  sides  of  the  hall. 
The  long  suite  of  rooms  forming  the  Great  Gallery  served  as  re- 
ception rooms ;  at  the  far  end  was  the  entrance  to  the  State  Dining- 
room  in  which  the  dinner  was  served. 

President  Thompson  received  his  guests  at  the  entrance  to  the 
Gallery.  The  company,  in  accordance  with  English  usage,  gathered 
early,  but  it  was  nearly  eight  o'clock  before  seats  were  taken  at  table. 
In  order  to  accommodate  the  guests,  it  was  necessary  to  place  them 
at  small  tables.  The  dinner  being  an  invitation  function,  no  requests 
for  "good"  or  "conspicuous"  positions  were  received — perhaps  the 
making  of  such  requests  is  not  the  custom  at  English  dinners. 
Nor,  so  far  as  the  records  show,  were  any  "deaf"  persons  present, 
nor  any  others  so  afflicted  as  to  require  special  seats  in  most  con- 
spicuous places.  But  if  these  chronic  difficulties  of  The  Penn- 
sylvania Dinner  at  home  were  wanting,  others  arose,  particularly 


William  Penn  Memorial  21 

relating  to  English  conditions.  As  the  size  of  the  company  required 
the  use  of  the  small  tables,  and  as  every  person  present  was  the 
guest  of  the  President,  no  one  table  could  be  regarded  as  more 
important  than  another.  Some  special  care  had,  however,  to  be 
taken  of  certain  guests  of  rank.  President  Thompson  designated 
the  two  central  tables  as  the  chief  ones,  with  himself  at  the  head  of 
one,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Society,  as  the  ranking  officer,  at  the 
head  of  the  other.  There  were  ten  tables  in  all ;  two  in  the  centre 
of  the  room,  and  four  on  each  side.  A  member  of  the  Society 
occupied  the  chair  of  honour  at  most  of  the  side  tables. 

The  menu  cards,  in  white  and  gold,  were  enriched  with  the  seal 
of  the  Society,  and  tied  with  red,  white  and  blue  ribbons,  the  colours 
of  the  American  and  British  nations.  These  three  colours  were 
also  used  in  the  floral  decorations  of  the  tables.  The  banner  of  the 
Society  swung  proudly  beneath  one  of  the  main  arches,  and  the 
silken  flags  of  England,  America  and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
used  in  the  decoration  of  the  Memorial,  were  displayed  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  lofty  walls.  But  the  splendid  room  needed  no  other 
decoration  than  its  historic  contents  to  give  it  dignity  and  grace ;  the 
symbols  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  were  but  as  reminders  of  the 
extraordinary  circumstances  of  the  Dinner,  mere  marks,  as  it  were, 
of  the  unusual  function  that  was  being  wrought  into  completion 
beneath  them. 

Yet  the  most  remarkable  incident  of  this  remarkable  dinner  was 
all  but  invisible.  This  was  the  cable  connection  that  President 
Thompson  had  had  introduced  into  Stafford  House  that  his  dinner 
there  might  be  connected  with  another  gathering  at  the  same  time  in 
Philadelphia.  Cables  and  telegraphs  are  not  the  synonymous  things 
in  England  that  they  are  in  America,  and  while  the  difficulties  in 
the  way  of  introducing  the  cable  into  Stafford  House  were  easily 
swept  away,  the  making  of  arrangements  to  that  end  and  the 
carrying  of  them  out  were  not  the  least  of  the  problems  to  be  solved 
in  connection  with  the  Penn  Commemoration.  The  practical  utility 
of  the  cable  connection  is  shown  in  the  transcript  of  the  Dinner  pro- 
ceedings ;  at  present  it  is  sufficient  to  note  it  as  one  of  the  unusual 
features  of  this  notable  event. 

President  Thompson's  guests  were  as  follows : 


2  2  William  Penn  Memorial 


Major  Dudley  Alexander,  C.M.G. 

Sir  Lawrence  Alma-Tadema,  O.M.,  R.A.,  R.W.S. 

Hon.  George  F.  Baer,  LL.D.,  Member  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society, 
Representative  of  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  W.  St.  Qair  Baddeley. 

Mr.  J.  Allen  Baker,  M.P. 

Hon.  James  M.  Beck,  LL.D.,  Past  President  of  The  Pennsylvania  Sociccy, 
Representative  of  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania. 

Capt.  B.  L.  Beddy. 

Admiral  The  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O.,  M.P. 

Mr.  S.  R.  Bertron. 

Mr.  Percy  Bigland. 

Sir  Henry  Arthur  Blake,  G.C.M.G.,  former  Governor  of  Ceylon. 

Sir  Henry  C.  Buckingham,  Sheriiff  of  London. 

Mr.  J.  Malcolm  Bulloch. 

Mr.  William  Allen  Butler. 

Hon.  Arthur  Capell. 

Rear-Admiral  W.  L.  Capps,  U.  S.  N. 

Rear-Admiral  French  E.  Chadwick,  U.  S.  N. 

Mr.  R.  Newton  Crane. 

Mr.  Sheldon  L.  Crosby,  Third  Secretary  of  the  American  Embassy. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Savile  Brinton  Crossley,  Bart,  P.C,  KC.V.O. 

Venerable  Archdeacon  William  Cunningham,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of 
the  Royal  Historical  Society. 

Mr.  Richard  T.  Davies,  Past  Vice-President  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

The  Lord  Desborough,  K.C.V.O.,  President,  London  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Joseph  Cockfield  Dimsdale,  Bart,  P.C,  K.CV.O., 
Chamberlain  of  London. 

Sir  George  Donaldson. 

Mr.  Thomas  Estall. 

Mr.  Barr  Ferree,  Secretary  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

Mr.  Thomas  L.  Field. 

Sir  Luke  Fildes,  R.A. 

Mr.  Banister  Fletcher,  F.R.I.B.A. 

Mr.  Alfred  F.  Fox. 

Sir  George  Frampton,  R.A.,  F.S.A. 

Mr.  L.  Da  Costa  Penn  Gaskell. 

Mr.  Thomas  Penn  Gaskell. 

Sir  Hugh  Gilzean-Reid,  LL.D. 

Rear-Admiral  Caspar  F.  Goodrich,  U.  S.  N. 

Mr.  Edwin  Gould. 

Mr.  William  Guggenheim,  Treasurer  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

His  Excellency  the  Hon.  Curtis  Guild,  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and 
Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Russia. 


William  Penn  Memorial 


Mr.  Hubert  Hall,  F.S.A.,  Vice-President  of  the  Historical  Association. 

Mr.  Leland  Harrison,  Second  Secretary  of  the  American  Embassy. 

Lt.-Col.  Arthur  Reginald  Hoskins,  D.S.O.,  Staff  College,  Chamberley. 

Mr.  Marcus  B.  Huish. 

Sir  Charles  Johnson,  Alderman  and  Sheriff  of  London. 

Mr.  Frank  Browne  Keech. 

Field-Marshal  The  Viscount  Kitchener  of  Khartoum,  K.P.,  G.C.B.,  O.M., 
G.C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.I.E. 

Capt.  Granville  Knox. 

Admiral  Hon.  Sir  Hedworth  Lambton,  K.C.B.,  K.C.V.O. 

Prof.  Sir  John  Knox  Laughton,  Secretary  of  the  Navy  Records  Society. 

Col.  Richard  C.  B.  Lawrence,  CB. 

Sir  Walter  Roper  Lawrence,  Bart,  G.CLE. 

Sir  Sidney  Lee,  LL.D. 

Mr.  C.  R.  Loop,  Deputy  Consul-General  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Sidney  Low. 

Mr.  Maurice  Crawford  Macmillan. 

Mr.  James  McDonald. 

Mr.  John  Howard  McFadden,  Member  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

Mr.  John  Murray,  F.S.A. 

Mr.  Albert  Cook  Myers. 

Hon.  Wallace  Nesbitt,  K.C. 

Dr.  Philip  Norman,  F.S.A,,  Vice-President  of  the  London  Topographical 
Society. 

The  Lord  Northcliffe. 

Col.  Sir.  Gilbert  Parker,  D.C.L.,  M.P. 

Mr.  Joseph  Pennell. 

Mr.  Norman  Penney,  F.S.A.,  Librarian  Friends'  Reference  Library. 

Prof.  W.  M.  Flinders  Petrie,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S. 

Mr.  Henry  Phipps,  Member  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Frederick  Pollock,  Bart.,  P.C,  LL.D.,  D.C.L. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  The  Earl  of  Ranfurly,  P.C,  G.C.M.G.,  Honorary  Member 
of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

His  Excellency,  the  Hon.  Whitelaw  Reid,  Ambassador  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Great  Britain. 

The  Rev.  Arthur  W.  Robinson,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Allhallows  Barking. 

Sir  Percy  Sanderson,  K.C.M.G. 

Mr.   H.   Sefton-Jones. 

Captain  Edward  Simpson,  U.S.N.,  Naval  Attache  to  the  American 
Embassy. 

Venerable  Archdeacon  William  Macdonald  Sinclair,  D.D. 

Mr.  Isaac  Sharp,  Secretary  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

Mr.   James  G.   Shepherd,   Member  of  The   Pennsylvania   Society. 

The  Marquess  of  Stafford. 


24  William  Penn  Memorial 

Mr.  Leonard  Stokes,  President  of  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  T.  Vezey  Strong,  P.C,  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 

Lt.-Col.  Dugald  Stuart. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Thaw,  Member  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

Dr.  Silvanius  Phillips  Thompson,  F.R.S. 

Sir  William  Purdie  Treloar,  Bart.,  Alderman  and  Past  Lord  Mayor  of 
London. 

Mr.  Frederick  C.  Van  Duzer,  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  American  Society 
in  London. 

Col.  Sir  Charles  M.  Watson,  K.M.G. 

Col.  Sir  Edward  Ward,  K.C.B.,  K.C.V.O.,  Permanent  Under-Secretary 
of  State,  War  Office. 

Mr.   Humphrey  Ward. 

Major  James  K.  Watson,  C.M.G.,  ist  A.D.C.  to  H.  H.  The  Khedive. 

Sir  Aston  Webb,  C.B.,  R.A.,  C.V.O.,  Past  President  of  the  Royal  Insti- 
tute of  British  Architects. 

Major  Creighton  Webb. 

Mr.  Richard  Westacott,  Vice-Consul-General  of  the  United   States. 

Mr.  James  Gilbert  White,  Member  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Wiggin. 

Sir  Henry  Arthur  Wiggin,  Bart. 

In  addition  to  the  gentlemen  named  above,  Her  Grace  the 
Duchess  of  Sutherland  and  a  company  of  ladies  came  into  the  dinner 
hall  at  the  beginning  of  the  speaking. 

His  Excellency,  the  Hon.  Whitelaw  Reid,  the  American  Ambas- 
sador, v^ith  Mrs.  Reid,  arrived  quite  late  in  the  evening. 

The  follov^ing  was  the  menu : 

MENU 

Melon  glace 

A  la  tortue  clair      Krupnic  a  la  reine 

Truite  a  la  Christiana      Filet  de  sole  a  la  Jongleur    . 

Ris  de  veau  a  la  Victoria 

Baron  d'agneau,  provengale 

Beignets  de  pomme  Pois  de  Nice 

Mousse  de  jambonneau,  sauce  Berclere 

Epinards  a  la  creme 

Caille  sur  croustade 

Salade  beige 

Souffle  a  la  royale 

Peches  glacees  a  la  favorite 

Cassolette  a  la  Sefton 

Pol  Roger,  Extra  Quality,  Extra  Dry,  1900. 


William  Penn  Memorial  25 


The  toasts  and  speakers  to  respond  to  them  were  as  follows: 

"The  King  and  President." 

'The  Navy,"  Admiral  Hon.  Sir  Hedworth  Lambton,  K.C.B. ; 
Rear-Admiral  French  E.  Chadwick,  U.S.N. 

'The  Army,"  Field-Marshal  The  Viscount  Kitchener  of  Khar- 
toum, K.P. 

"The  Memory  of  William  Penn,"  The  Earl  of  Ranfurly,  P.C, 
G.C.M.G.;  The  Honourable  James  M.  Beck;  Admiral  The  Lord 
Charles  Beresford,  G.C.B. ;  Hon.  Wallace  Nesbitt,  K.C. 

"London  and  Philadelphia,"  The  Honourable  George  F.  Baer. 

During  the  Dinner,  and  before  the  formal  speaking,  President 
Thompson  read  a  number  of  cables,  telegrams  and  letters: 


Cable  from  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States : 

I  cordially  sympathize  with  this   international  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  William  Penn.  P.  C.  Knox. 


Cable  from  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania: 

As  Executive  of  the  Commonwealth  that  William  Penn  founded, 
I  send  greetings  and  best  wishes.  William  Penn's  desire  for  uni- 
versal peace,  his  sound  views  on  education,  his  aim  to  promote  the 
highest  well-being  of  all  who  came  to  his  colony,  are  bearing  fruit 
in  our  day  among  a  happy  and  industrious  people.  May  the  memory 
of  his  good  deeds  and  noble  purposes  continue  to  be  cherished  to 
the  end  of  time. 

John  K.  Tener,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania. 

Cable  from  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia : 

Philadelphia  sends  greeting,  thanks  and  appreciation  across  the 

waters  to  those  assembled  around  the  banquet  board  extolling  the 

virtues    and    commemorating    the    deeds    of    Penn.      Philadelphia 

wishes  to  add  her  praise,  love,  and  admiration  for  her  great  Founder. 

John  E.  Reyburn,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 


26  William  Penn  Memorial 

Cable  from  ex-Governor  Samuel  Whitaker  Pennypacker, 
President  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania : 

Loyal  Pennsylvanians  gathered  to  do  honour  to  Penn  here  as 
you  do  honour  to  him  in  London  in  the  atmosphere  of  his  actual 
deeds.    We  send  greetings  to  the  place  of  his  birth. 

Pennypacker. 

Cable  from  the  Hon.  William  Andrews  Clark,  Vice-President  of 
The  Pennsylvania  Society: 

Congratulate  you  upon  installation  Penn  Tablet.  Regret  ex- 
ceedingly inability  to  be  present.  Clark. 

Telegram  from  the  Rev.  Canon  Sv^allow,  Headmaster,  Chig- 
well  (Essex)  School: 

The  headmaster,  assistant  masters  and  boys  of  Chigwell  School, 
where  William  Penn  was  educated,  cordially  appreciate  and  desire 
to  share  in  the  honour  being  done  by  you  to  his  illustrious  name. 
Canon  Swallow^  School  House,  Chigwell. 

Letter  from  the  Right  Hon.  Arthur  James  Balfour,  M.P. : 

July  II,  1911. 
Dear  Col.  Thompson  : 

I  wish  it  were  in  my  power  to  be  present  at  a  ceremony  so 
interesting  to  English-speaking  communities  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic. 

The  growth  of  the  great  Republic,  one  of  whose  constituent 
states  was  founded  by  William  Penn,  has  far  exceeded  all  that  he 
or  his  contemporaries  can  have  dreamed,  even  in  their  most  san- 
guine moments;  but  the  roots  of  the  mighty  tree  strike  deep  into 
British  soil,  and  The  Pennsylvania  Society,  in  placing  a  monument 
to  Penn  in  the  church  where  he  was  baptized,  have  not  only  done 
honour  to  the  first  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  but  have  com- 
memorated the  historic  unity  of  two  great  peoples. 


William  Penn  Memorial  27 

It  is  surely  a  happy  coincidence  that  this  Memorial  to  the  advo- 
cate of  Peace  should  be  erected  in  a  year  which  has  seen  the  two 
nations  with  which  he  was  connected  set  an  example  to  the  world 
as  to  the  means  by  which  war  may  most  surely  be  averted. 

Believe  me,  Yours  very  truly, 

A.  J.  Balfour. 


Letter  from  the  Right  Hon.  Augustine  Birrell,  K.C.,  Chief 
Secretary  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland : 

July  12,  191 1. 
Dear  Lord  Charles  Beresford  : 

My  duties  in  Dublin  have  left  me  but  a  few  minutes  to  keep  my 
promise  to  write  you  a  line  to  express  my  regret  at  not  attending 
the  Penn  Dinner. 

I  have  long  regarded  William  Penn  as  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing figures  in  the  common  history  of  England  and  America.  Like 
all  really  interesting  people  he  is  also  not  a  little  puzzling.  I  have 
visited  all  his  haunts  in  Buckinghamshire  and  have  read,  amongst 
the  Quaker  records,  a  great  many  of  his  letters ;  but  it  yet  remains 
to  me  to  visit  the  great  State  of  the  Union  which  will  carry  his 
name  down  the  centuries. 

There  is  no  difficulty  in  loving  Americans;  for  we  are  bidden 
in  the  Book  Penn  knew  so  well,  to  love  even  our  enemies ;  but  what 
we  English  and  Americans  have  still  got  to  learn  is  to  like  one 
another.  When  we  both  love  and  like  each  other  the  peace  of  the 
world  will  be  better  assured  than  it  is  to-day.  Such  gatherings 
as  the  Penn  Dinner  must  contribute  to  this  pious  end. 
Believe  me,  Your  very  sincerely, 

Augustine  Birrell. 


28  William  Penn  Memorial 


ADDRESS  OF  COL.  ROBERT  M.  THOMPSON,  PRESIDENT 
OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  SOCIETY. 

My  Lord  Mayor,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

To-day  sons  of  Pennsylvania  have  placed  in  the  ancient  Church 
of  Allhallows  Barking-by-the-Tower,  a  memorial  to  the  Founder  of 
their  State,  William  Penn.  Born  of  a  fighting  race  and  himself 
trained  to  war,  he  became  an  apostle  of  peace.  The  youth  reared 
in  the  atmosphere  of  royal  courts  became  the  man  of  pious  Quaker 
faith  and  went  out  into  an  unknown  wilderness  to  labour  for  the 
common  good.  He  alone  of  the  great  colonists  of  the  New  World 
employed  the  arts  of  peace  and  successfully  made  friends  of  the 
Indians. 

In  this  year,  when  our  leaders  are  seeking  by  treaty  to  ensure 
peace  and  amity  between  the  two  great  English-speaking  nations,  it 
is  fitting  that  we  remind  them  of  William  Penn,  and  that  his  memory 
stands  for  peace  and  friendship  founded  upon  fair  dealing  and  a  full 
recognition  of  mutual  rights.  If  upon  this  sure  foundation  our 
statesmen  build  their  new  temple  to  peace  and  friendship,  it  will 
stand. 

May  I  remind  you  that  we  are  not  alone  to-night  in  showing 
honour  to  the  memory  of  our  founder.  In  another  banquet  hall 
three  thousand  miles  across  the  sea,  other  loyal  sons  of  Pennsylvania 
are  assembled,  and  that  modern  miracle,  the  Atlantic  cable,  joins  us 
together,  so  that  almost  simultaneously  both  audiences  will  know 
the  words  that  are  spoken. 

And  now,  my  Lord  Mayor,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen,  I  call 
upon  you  to  stand  up,  and  awaiting  the  signal  from  the  cable  to 
show  that  our  friends  in  Philadelphia  are  ready  to  join  us,  I  will 
propose  a  toast  in  which  I  am  assured  all  loyal  English-speaking 
people  will  gladly  join. 

Now,  together  with  our  friends  in  Philadelphia,  we  drink  to  the 
toast  "The  King  and  President." 

The  toast  having  been  drunk  with  enthusiasm,  the  President 
said : 


Mr 

William  Penn  Memorial  29 

I  claim  that  toast  has  been  drunk  at  the  same  instant  of  time  in 
both  countries. 

There  is  one  toast  which  is  never  proposed  in  an  EngHsh-speak- 
ing  audience  without  being  received  with  enthusiasm.  I  give  you 
"The  Navy,"  that  means  the  navy  on  both  sides  the  water,  and  I 
call  on  a  gallant  admiral  whom  we  love  and  respect  on  both  sides 
of  the  world  to  reply,  Admiral  Hon.  Sir  Hedworth  Lambton. 


THE    NAVY 

ADDRESS  OF  ADMIRAL  HONOURABLE  SIR  HED- 
WORTH LAMBTON,  K.C.B. 

Mr.  President^  my  Lord  Mayor,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

This  morning  about  9  o'clock  I  received  a  letter  saying,  "Will 
you  reply  for  the  Navy?  and  as  short  as  you  like."  I  telegraphed, 
"Alright."  I  am  not  at  all  sure  I  should  not  have  said  "all  wrong." 
At  any  rate,  I  hope  our  friend  the  Reporter  will  say  "Admiral 
Lambton  briefly  responded  for  the  Navy."  I  happened  to  be  at 
Newmarket,  I  was  there  on  business,  and  I  thought  to  myself  that 
on  my  way  back  to  town — it  is  a  nice  long  motor  ride — I  would  try 
to  make  up  a  very  nice  little  speech ;  but  man  proposes  and  a  good 
lunch  and  a  hot  sun  and  sleep  disposes,  and  so  here  I  am  returned 
from  Newmarket.  There  is  a  well-known  axiom  among  racing 
people  that  a  jockey  begins  to  ride  too  young.  I  believe  White 
Melville,  who  is  as  well  known  in  America  as  in  England,  said 
that  a  boy  who  was  to  ride  well  must  be  put  on  a  horse  as  soon  as 
he  got  into  breeches. 

The  same  thing  holds  good  with  a  naval  man.  Naval  men  can- 
not be  put  to  sea  too  young.  You  know  we  have  to  be  very  careful 
in  what  we  say,  very  careful ;  but  if  I  may  be  allowed  to  say  so,  no 
man,  no  civilian,  ever  knows  anything  about  the  Navy.  Well,  I 
have  studied  this  matter,  I  think,  for  the  last  thirty  years  and  I  am 
afraid  it  is  impossible  to  say  anything  to  the  contrary.  I  rather 
think  one  of  your  poets  in  America,  Longfellow,  has  put  the  same 
idea  into  verse.    So  far  as  the  Navy  goes,  just  the  same  thing  has 


30  William  Penn  Memorial 

happened  in  both  countries ;  the  efficiency  of  the  Navy  has  been  the 
ruin  of  Naval  officers.  This  is  no  paradox,  for  an  efficient  Navy 
means  peace  and  no  honour  or  glory. 

I  will  just  give  you  a  little  example.  Some  thirty  years  ago  I 
was  at  a  place  called  Alexandria  just  about  this  time  of  the  year. 
Well,  there  were  two  young  officers — comparatively  young,  but  not 
in  the  first  blush  of  youth — there  was  my  friend  Lord  Charles  Beres- 
ford  who  is  still  a  lord — I  do  not  know  whether  he  will  be  allowed 
to  be  a  lord  much  longer — and  there  was  Lieutenant  (now  Lord) 
Kitchener.  Well,  we  were  at  Alexandria  and  Lord  Charles  Beres- 
ford  very  much  distinguished  himself  in  a  pretty  attack  on  the  port. 
There  was  not  very  much  harm  done,  but  there  he  was,  and,  as  flag 
lieutenant,  I  had  the  honour  to  make  the  signal  "Well  done."  Now 
where  was  our  friend  Lord  Kitchener?  Lieutenant  Kitchener  had 
got  on  board  the  flagship — how  he  got  there  no  one  will  ever  know — 
but  there  he  was  and  he  was  determined  to  lose  no  opportunity. 
Well,  what  happened  to  him  there?  There  was  a  little  expedition 
going  ashore  to  spike  some  guns,  and  my  gallant  friend  slipped  into 
a  boat  intent  upon  getting  ashore  and  into  whatever  danger  there 
was,  but,  unfortunately  for  him,  the  Lieutenant  in  charge  of  the 
boat  spied  this  long  thin  energetic  officer  and  said,  "What  doest  thou 
there?"  and  he  was  turned  out  of  the  boat  and  not  allowed  to  go 
ashore. 

I  believe  William  Penn  is  chiefly  celebrated  as  a  man  of  peace 
and,  as  far  as  I  can  recollect — it  is  now  a  great  many  years  since  I 
was  at  school — he  served  for  a  short  time  at  sea  under  his  father, 
then  went  to  America,  founded  Philadelphia,  and  after  that  he  came 
back  to  die  in  the  country  where  he  was  born — England.  Well, 
gentlemen,  I  should  like  to  remark,  just  in  a  sort  of  parenthesis,  that 
England  is  a  very  good  place  to  be  born  and  die  in  and  it  is  our  own 
fault  if  it  is  not  a  thundering  good  place  to  live  in. 

My  friend  Admiral  Chadwick,  who  will  reply  after  me,  will 
probably  say  some  nice  things  about  our  Navy,  so  I  will  say  some- 
thing about  him.  You  know  naval  officers  all  over  the  world — I  do 
not  think  it  is  only  in  England  and  America — are  at  least  a  genera- 
tion ahead  of  the  rest  of  the  community.  For  instance,  when  poli- 
ticians were  talking  of  the  possibility  of  war  between  England  and 


William  Penn  Memorial  31 

America  over  the  seal  question  some  twenty  years  ago — you  have  all 
probably  forgotten  it — myself  and  the  distinguished  Admiral,  Ad- 
miral Bob  Evans,  commonly  called  "Fighting  Bob,''  use  to  discuss 
this  matter  on  the  Pacific  coast.  However,  there  was  a  question  of 
our  going  to  war,  it  was  not  a  very  serious  question,  but  Bob  Evans 
was  pleased  to  discuss  this  matter  with  me  over  an  excellent  cigar. 
I  believe  he  once  said  to  a  President :  "Mr.  President,  if  you  want  a 
good  cigar  send  me  to  Cuba." 

A  friendly  feeling  has  always  existed  between  the  English  and 
the  American  Navy.  I  have  thousands  of  friends  in  the  American 
Navy  and  we  have  never  had  any  difference  of  any  sort  or  kind. 
Still,  all  this  sort  of  talk  of  peace  is  an  extraordinary  nice  thing,  for 
the  Anglo-Saxon  race  love  peace.  Does  any  other  nation  love  it? 
Not  one ;  and  this  is  where  one  ought  to  be  serious.  Just  think  of 
the  absurdity  of  our  position.  We  do  not  want  to  cut  each  others 
throats  and  we  do  not  think  any  one  wants  to  cut  ours.  In  the  early 
history  of  America  there  were  occasions  when  there  were  differences 
between  English  and  French  settlers.  They  talked  too  much  of 
peace  and  as  a  result  they  were  scalped  by  the  red-skins.  The  same 
thing  will  happen  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  if  we  go  on  talking  about 
peace  to  people  who  do  not  want  it.  Too  much  talk  of  peace  is 
womanish.  If  we  think  by  talking  about  peace  we  are  going  to  make 
Continental  nations  share  our  ideas  we  are  very  much  mistaken. 

On  the  whole,  things  in  America  are  pretty  much  the  same  as 
they  are  here.  We  are  a  bit  smaller  you  know  and  a  good  deal  older. 
A  good  American  and  a  good  Englishman  are  exactly  the  same. 
I  remember  giving  a  dinner  in  Hong  Kong  to  an  American  squad- 
ron, and  I  got  up  to  speak  and  I  said:  "Gentlemen,  I  look 
around  the  table  and  I  do  not  know  who  are  English  and  who  are 
American;  there  is  no  difference."  Now,  who  could  get  up  in 
this  room  and  say  who  is  English  and  who  American?  When  your 
President  read  that  beautiful  letter  I  said :  "Good  heavens,  who  has 
written  that?  Is  it  Theodore  Roosevelt  or  is  it  William  H.  Taft?" 
and  what  was  the  answer?   "A.  J.  Balfour." 

Well,  to  return.  Napoleon  at  St.  Helena  was  asked  to  classify 
the  fighting  races,  and  he  put  the  English  first — I  include  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race — they  are  all  the  same,  we  put  English  and  Americans 


32  William  Penn  Memorial 

first.  Then  he  put  France,  then  he  put  Russia.  I  forgot  who  came 
after ;  but  I  hope  he  is  still  correct.  My  Lords  and  gentlemen,  it  only- 
remains  now  for  me  to  thank  you  very  cordially  for  the  way  in 
which  you  received  the  toast  of  the  Navy. 

The  President: 

Before  calling  on  the  American  representative,  Admiral  Chad- 
wick,  to  respond  for  the  American  Navy,  I  should  like  to  say  that  if 
an  expert  went  on  any  man-of-war  in  the  world  he  would  have  no 
difficulty  in  deciding  whether  it  belonged  to  Russia,  Germany, 
France,  Italy  or  Austria ;  but  let  him  go  aboard  an  American  or  an 
English  ship  and  if  he  does  not  see  the  flag  he  won't  know  which  is 
which.  I  have  the  highest  authority  for  saying  that.  I  took  the 
gallant  admiral.  Lord  Charles  Beresford — I  have  great  doubts  in 
my  own  mind  as  to  which  country  has  the  highest  claim  to  him — 
but  I  took  him  to  inspect  Admiral  ''Fighting  Bob"  Evans's  flagship, 
and  he  expressed  great  curiosity  to  see  how  the  work  was  done. 
When  he  came  back  he  said,  "Why,  it  is  just  the  same  as  on  my  own 
flagship."  And  that  was  true.  When  we  left  Admiral  Evans's 
flagship  on  a  torpedo  boat  that  was  lent  us,  the  young  lieutenant 
who  commanded  it  came  to  me  and  said,  ''I  am  sorry,  but  a  signal 
has  just  been  sent  to  Lord  Charles  Beresford  and  the  quarter-master 
failed  to  read  it;  I  am  asking  to  have  it  repeated."  I  said,  "You 
need  not  trouble.  Admiral  Beresford  has  read  it  to  us  as  it  was 
made," 

Now,  gentlemen,  I  want  to  read  to  you  before  I  call  upon  Ad- 
miral Chadwick  to  respond  this  cable  which  has  just  arrived  from 
Philadelphia : 

"Toast,  King  and  President  drunk  with  that  feeling 
which  it  merits.  International  honour  paid  to  Penn  marks 
great  forward  strides  in  unity  of  nations  and  peace 
throughout  the  world.  Edgar  M.  Church.'' 


William  Penn  Memorial  33 


ADDRESS  OF  REAR-ADMIRAL  FRENCH  E.  CHADWICK, 

U.  S.  N. 

Mr.  President,  my  Lord  Mayor,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

First  allow  me  to  say  that  I  reciprocate  in  every  way  the  kind 
words  which  my  predecessor  has  used  with  regard  to  the  American 
Navy.  I  beg  that  I  may  use  his  words  as  my  own  and  apply  them 
to  the  British  Navy  with  which  through  so  many  years  we  have 
been  on  terms  of  such  good  and  cordial  fellowship.  Our  attitude 
has  been  one  of  mutual  esteem,  that  basis  of  true  friendship. 

As  we  are  celebrating  to-night  the  memory  of  a  man  who, 
though  he  was  the  son  of  an  Admiral  and  though  his  portraits  repre- 
sent him  in  armour,  was  essentially  a  man  of  peace,  it  would  seem 
that  it  would  have  been  appropriate  to  have  had  here,  to  answer  to 
this  part  of  the  toast,  that  other  man  of  peace  whose  name  stands 
prominently  in  the  list  of  the  American  Committee,  and  who  if  he 
has  not  worn  armour  himself,  has  had  extensive  naval  affiliations 
and  has  been  largely  instrumental  in  putting  armour  where  it  would 
do  good.  However,  though  I  have  sailed  in  some  of  the  ships  which 
the  Laird  of  Skibo  has  helped  to  build,  I  also  am  a  man  of  peace. 
For  the  naval  man  is  as  much  a  preserver  of  the  peace  as  is  the 
policeman  of  London,  and  when  the  worst  comes,  he  is  no  harder 
on  his  enemy  than  is  the  righteous  judge  who  helps  to  put  out  of 
existence  some  of  the  disturbers  of  our  social  order.  And,  indeed, 
the  naval  officer  himself  is  more  frequently  a  judge  than  people 
think. 

Few  who  are  not  directly  concerned  know  to  how  great  a  degree 
the  diplomacy  of  the  world  is  carried  on  by  naval  men,  who  are 
both  the  makers  of  most  of  the  international  law  situations  and  the 
practical  expounders  of  the  law.  For  the  Navy  is  the  only  real  body 
of  international  lawyers.  That  there  are  international  lawyers  in 
civil  life  we  may  kindly  grant,  but  they  are  sporadic;  they  are  not 
a  great  body  such  as  are  the  officers  of  the  Navy  who  are  an  order 
of  international  lawyers  as  much  as  are  barristers  and  judges  an 
order  representing  the  civil  law. 


34  William  Penn  Memorial 

And  I  venture  to  say  that  the  naval  man  makes  fewer  mistakes 
in  his  field  of  law  than  do  the  judges  in  civil  law,  whatever  the 
country.  So  distinguished  an  expert  as  Mr.  John  Hay  once  said  to 
me,  "The  naval  men  in  the  Central  American  ports  have  had  some 
most  difficult  subjects  to  deal  with  in  the  last  three  years,  and  they 
have  not  made  a  mistake."  What  is  true  of  American  naval  officers 
is  true  of  the  British ;  and  it  may  be  recalled  by  some  of  you  that 
Lord  Salisbury,  as  foreign  minister,  speaking  of  the  difficulties  in 
Crete,  paid  the  latter  a  like  high  compliment.  They  are  controllers 
of  difficult  situations ;  peacemakers  in  the  truest  sense.  The  toast  of 
the  Navy  thus  seems  to  me  not  out  of  place  in  a  celebration  con- 
nected with  William  Penn.    We  are  his  followers. 

The  President: 

I  will  read  you  a  cable  from  Philadelphia : 

"Representatives  of  government  of  the  State  founded 
by  Penn  and  of  the  city  builded  by  him  and  of  descendants 
of  his  family  send  felicitations  and  acknowledgments  to 
the  President  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  for  its  courteous 
and  generous  hospitality  on  this  eventful  occasion." 

The  next  toast  that  comes  in  regular  order  is  to  the  sister 
service  which  we  of  the  navy  always  admire,  love  and  respect.  In 
giving  you  that  toast  to-night  I  am  going  to  give  it  in  these  words : 
"To  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  and  her 
Dominions  over  the  sea."  Fortunately,  we  have  here  present  one 
whose  fame  is  so  all-embracing  that  he  may  well  respond  for  all 
armies,  for  in  all  armies  he  is  loved  and  respected.  Lord  Kitchener, 
may  I  ask  you  to  respond  to  that  toast  ? 


William  Penn  Memorial  35 


THE   ARMY 

ADDRESS  OF  FIELD-MARSHAL  THE  VISCOUNT  KITCH- 
ENER OF  KHARTOUM,  K.P. 

Mr.  President,  my  Lord  Mayor,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

The  Army  I  represent  highly  appreciates  the  great  honour  that 
has  been  done  them  by  the  manner  in  which  you  have  received  this 
toast,  and  also  because  on  this  occasion  they  are  associated  with  their 
brothers-in-arms  of  the  United  States  Army  as  well  as  with  the 
forces  of  the  over-seas  Dominions. 

Imitation  is,  I  believe,  the  highest  and  sincerest  recognition  of 
merits  in  any  institution,  and  I  can  tell  you  that  in  Australia  they 
have  recently  formed  a  college  which  is  now  full  of  cadets  and 
equipped  with  instructors  and  in  working  order  which  is  based  on 
and  carrying  out  the  principles  of  the  West  Point  Military  Academy 
in  America.  This,  I  think,  proves  the  admiration  we  have  for  that 
institution  which  has  produced  the  officers  of  the  United  States 
Army,  and  it  also  shows  the  energy  which  is  being  displayed  by  the 
Commonwealth  of  Australia.  The  Dominion  of  New  Zealand  after 
studying  these  military  problems  has  provided  herself  with  an  effec- 
tive administration  for  citizen  troops  which  will  be  ready  if  needed 
to  assist  in  maintaining  the  British  Empire  and  the  peace  of  the 
world. 

I  feel  that  I  have  been  greatly  honoured  on  this  occasion  in 
being  asked  to  reply  for  the  United  States  Army,  so  many  of  whose 
officers  received  me  so  kindly  and  entertained  me  on  my  recent  visit 
to  America.  In  their  name  as  well  as  in  the  name  of  the  Army  I 
represent,  I  thank  you  all  most  sincerely  for  the  very  kind  manner  in 
which  you  have  received  this  toast. 

The  President: 

Some  of  us  at  this  end  of  the  room  heard,  during  the  eloquent 
speech  of  the  distinguished  Field-Marshal,  a  ticking  behind  us.  I 
may  tell  you  now  that  those  words  of  his  have  been  repeated  in 
Philadelphia  and  Philadelphia  is  hearing  every  word  that  he  spoke. 
I  think  I  may  well  say  that  that  is  a  modern  miracle. 


36  William  Penn  Memorial 

Now,  gentlemen,  we  come  to  the  time  for  a  toast  which  is,  in 
my  opinion,  of  very  great  and  serious  importance.  We  have  spoken 
of  peace ;  we  all  want  peace  and  we  can  only  have  peace  by  being 
strong  enough  to  enforce  it.  When  the  time  comes  that  the  English- 
speaking  people  of  the  world  say  there  shall  be  peace,  there  will 
be  peace,  and  such  gatherings  as  this  is  bringing  that  day  measur- 
ably nearer. 

I  am  now  about  to  propose  to  you  a  toast  which  I  hope  you 
will  drink  not  only  with  your  lips,  but  with  your  hearts.  I  gave  you 
"The  memory  of  William  Penn  and  the  continuing  friendship  of 
the  English-speaking  nations."  And  I  call  upon  the  Earl  of  Ran- 
furly,  a  direct  descendant  of  William  Penn,  to  make  the  first 
response  to  the  toast  of  his  memory. 


THE   MEMORY   OF   WILLIAM   PENN 

THE  ADDRESS  OF  THE  RIGHT  HON.  THE  EARL  OF 
RANFURLY,  G.C.M.G. 

Mr.  President,  my  Lord  Mayor,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

In  the  first  place,  let  me  say,  as  a  representative  of  the  descend- 
ants of  William  Penn,  that  we  most  thoroughly  appreciate  the  honour 
that  has  been  done  to  our  grandsire,  William  Penn,  by  the  unveil- 
ing to-day  of  the  memorial  to  him,  and  we  feel  that  The  Pennsyl- 
vania Society  of  New  York  has  done  us  personally  a  great  honour 
in  this  ceremony  and  the  way  in  which  they  have  carried  it  out. 
Your  President  has  most  kindly  invited  several  of  us  descendants 
here  to  dinner  to-night  and  there  were  a  large  number  of  others, 
many  of  them  ladies,  present  in  the  church,  and  I  know  I  speak  on 
their  behalf  and  with  their  wish  as  well  as  my  own  when  I  return 
my  sincere  thanks  to  you  for  the  memorial  which  you  have  set  up 
to  my  great-great-great-great-grandfather. 

William  Penn  was  not  by  any  means  the  first  of  his  name. 
His  family  was  a  very  ancient  Saxon  family  and  there  are  records 
of  more  than  a  hundred  years  before  him.  The  grave  of  his  great- 
great-grandfather  can  be  seen  at  the  present  moment.  Admiral 
Sir  William  Penn  was  a  man  of  great  distinction  and  I  am  quite 


William  Penn  Memorial  37 

sure  that  officers  in  the  Navy,  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  our 
own  Navy,  will  feel  that  promotion  in  their  service  is  not  now  up 
to  what  it  used  to  be  in  his  days.  Sir  William  Penn,  when  he  was 
twenty-three  years  old,  was  Rear- Admiral  of  the  Straits;  when  he 
was  thirty-one,  he  was  Vice- Admiral  of  England;  when  he  was 
thirty-two,  he  was  a  General  in  the  Dutch  Army,  fighting  with  the 
Dutch. 

I  noticed  to-day  in  the  church  in  the  most  admirable  address 
you  read  us  there  were  two  things  that  seemed  to  me  to  be  unique 
in  the  history  of  William  Penn,  and  which  alone  would  make  his 
name  famous — those  two  things  were  the  right  to  "liberty  of  con- 
science" and  "free  trial  by  jury"  independent  of  the  judge.  You  all 
know  how  he  fought  against  the  judge  and  how  the  jury  were  put 
in  prison  without  food,  without  water,  without  fire,  and  without 
tobacco.  Personally,  as  a  heavy  smoker,  I  am  afraid  that  I  should 
have  found  tobacco  was  the  hardest  to  be  without,  but  the  jury  stood 
firm,  and  from  that  day  free  trial  by  jury  has  always  been  assured 
in  this  country.  Whether  such  is  always  an  advantage  I  do  not 
know,  because  sometimes  when  there  is  a  very  pretty  lady  before 
them  I  think  she  may  gain  certain  advantages  that  might  not  have 
been  intended. 

I  understand  that  I  am  being  followed  by  a  most  eloquent 
speaker  and  I  shall  leave  anything  further  to  him,  concluding  by 
thanking  Colonel  Thompson  on  behalf  of  myself  and  the  other 
descendants  of  William  Penn  for  his  kindness  in  asking  us  here 
to-night.  I  can  assure  him  that  I  personally  appreciate  it  immensely, 
and  am  a  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  as  well 
as  a  member  of  this  Society,  an  honorary  member,  and  I  also  appre- 
ciate the  honour  that  has  been  done  me  by  both  these  Societies  in 
making  me  one. 

The  President: 

As  this  was  a  double-barrelled  toast  you  will  not  object  to  hav- 
ing it  replied  to  by  not  only  two  speakers,  but  by  four  speakers. 
And  I  am  going  to  draw  them  in  couples  to  carry  out  the  idea 
to-night  of  union  between  the  two  countries.  Having  heard  from 
England,  I  now  call  upon  the  official  representative  of  the  Gover- 
nor of  Pennsylvania,  Mr.  James  M.  Beck. 


38  William  Penn  Memorial 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  HONOURABLE  JAMES  M.  BECK. 

Mr.  President,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

I  am  greatly  honoured  in  being  designated  on  this  occasion  to 
represent  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  therefore  the  titular 
successor  of  William  Penn.  His  Excellency  regrets  his  enforced 
absence,  and  he  will  deeply  appreciate  this  present  illustration  of  that 
unfailing  friendship  and  generous  courtesy  with  which  Americans 
are  always  welcomed  to  this  mother  city  of  the  English-speaking 
races.  As  the  representative  of  nearly  eight  millions  of  people,  the 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania  charges  me  to  convey  his  cordial  greet- 
ings, and  he,  as  all  Pennsylvanians,  will  especially  appreciate  the 
generous  courtesy  which  induced  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Sutherland 
to  place  this  noble  mansion  at  our  disposal  for  the  exercises  of  this 
evening. 

Penn  and  Peace  are  not  merely  verbally  but  suggestively  allitera- 
tive. I  could  not  therefore  respond  to  the  toast,  "The  Memory  of 
Penn,"  without  some  allusion  to  the  great  cause  of  peace,  which  he 
had  so  much  at  heart  and  which  at  present  rests  so  heavily  upon  the 
conscience  of  the  world.  I  am  somewhat  embarrassed  in  doing  so 
by  the  fact  that  I  am  following  the  distinguished  representatives  of 
the  Army  and  the  Navy,  whose  vigourous  speeches  forcibly  suggest 
the  saying  of  Von  Moltke,  that  "peace  is  only  a  dream."  Indeed, 
following  as  a  civilian  these  Generals  and  Admirals,  I  feel  very 
much  as  the  pacific  burgess  of  Gettysburg  on  the  morning  of  that 
famous  battle,  who,  on  hearing  the  thundering  appreach  of  Lee's  and 
Meade's  mighty  battalions,  consulted  the  repositories  of  the  law  and 
forthwith  sent  formal  notice  to  both  commanding  officers  that  it  was 
against  the  ordinances  of  Gettysburg  to  discharge  firearms  within  the 
borough  limits. 

This  is  not  the  time  or  place  to  deliver  a  formal  eulogy  upon 
William  Penn.  I  am  rather  prompted  to  suggest  what  would  be 
his  and  our  feelings  if  his  august  shade  could  again  revisit  the 
glimpses  of  the  moon,  and  stand  in  our  presence  to-night.  We 
should  probably  be  surprised  in  finding  in  our  midst,  not  the  tra- 


William  Penn  Memorial  39 

ditional,  rotund,  naive,  and  somewhat  bucolic  itinerant  preacher, 
which  the  misguided  genius  of  Benjamin  West  impressed  upon  the 
imagination  of  the  world,  but  a  strong,  vigorous,  alert,  resourceful 
man  of  action,  who,  although  from  considerations  of  the  highest 
piety  he  identified  himself  with  a  lowly  and  despised  sect,  was 
nevertheless  an  accomplished  and  successful  courtier  in  the  reign 
of  four  monarchs.  In  a  sense,  a  ward  of  Charles  IL,  he  became  the 
most  trusted  counselor  of  James  IL,  who  not  infrequently  kept  his 
closest  advisers  cooling  their  heels  in  the  ante-room  while  he  would 
spend  hours  with  Penn,  for  whose  brave  and  disinterested  counsel 
he  felt  the  same  respect  that  Lear  at  one  time  did  for  the  intrepid 
Kent.  He  had  visited  William  of  Orange  on  a  diplomatic  mission 
of  great  importance ;  was  a  valued  courtier  under  Queen  Anne,  and 
had  even  enjoyed  the  casual  acquaintance  of  Peter  the  Great.  If 
he  entered  this  hall  to-night,  he  would  doubtless  make  the  most 
courteous  obeisance  to  the  ladies,  who  honour  us  with  their  presence, 
for  he,  too,  had  an  eye  for  feminine  beauty.  He  would  soon  accredit 
himself  to  us  not  only  as  a  man  of  the  world,  but  as  a  statesman  of 
no  inconspicuous  rank. 

It  is  not  with  reference  to  our  surprise  however  that  I  propose 
to  speak.  What  would  be  the  nature  of  his  surprise  if  he  could  thus 
revisit  us  in  this  year  of  grace  191 1?  He  would  doubtless  be  so 
deeply  impressed  with  the  instantaneous  communication  between 
London  and  Philadelphia  by  cable,  and  by  the  aeroplanes  which 
sweep  the  very  eagles  from  their  course  in  mid  air,  that  he  would 
wish  to  return  to  the  abode  of  the  blessed,  where  presumably  there 
are  no  aeroplanes,  cables,  or  telephones.  As  a  royalist,  he  would 
rejoice  heartily  in  the  accession  and  attendant  festivities  of  your 
present  ruler,  and  no  one  would  feel  greater  pride  in  the  increasing 
growth  of  your  mighty  empire. 

It  seems  to  be  a  mistaken  impression  that  this  tribute  is  to  an 
American  statesman.  So  the  London  press  has  recently  said,  and  in 
further  illustration  of  this  impression  I  may  refer  to  the  fact  that 
when  it  was  first  suggested  that  his  tablet  should  be  erected  in  that 
Valhalla  of  the  English-speaking  race,  Westminster  Abbey,  we  were 
courteously  advised  by  the  authorities  that  its  limited  space  was 
necessarily  restricted  to  the  greatest  of  England's  sons,  and  could 


40  William  Penn  Memorial 

not  for  this  reason  be  extended  to  the  great  men  of  other  countries. 
No  one  need  quarrel  with  this  reasonable  conclusion,  but  its  applica- 
tion to  William  Penn  seems  to  me  remarkable.  He  only  spent  about 
four  years  of  his  busy  life  in  America,  and  while  his  achievements 
there  have  deeply  impressed  the  imagination  of  the  world  and  played 
no  inconsiderable  part  in  the  development  of  the  American  Com- 
monwealth, yet  his  chief  work  was  that  of  an  English  statesman. 
No  one  of  his  time  contributed  more  by  word  of  mouth  and  by 
personal  hardship  than  he  to  the  Toleration  Act  of  1689,  which 
forever  secured  liberty  of  conscience  to  the  English  people.  For 
this  great  cause  he  suffered  six  months  in  the  Tower  and  nine  months 
in  Newgate  Prison,  and  his  part  in  securing  this  vital  liberty  of 
conscience  was  quite  as  conspicuous  as  that  of  John  Hampden  in 
vindicating  the  Parliamentary  authority  over  taxation.  In  this  and 
many  other  ways  he  was  a  conspicuous  factor  in  a  turbulent  period 
of  English  history ;  and  while  we  do  well  to  commemorate  the  place 
of  his  baptism,  I  trust  a  time  will  yet  come  when  his  effigy  will 
join  that  great  gathering  in  the  Abbey  which  represents  the  master 
builders  of  the  English  Empire. 

As  a  path-finding  pioneer  of  English  civilization,  Penn  is  in- 
finitely superior,  whether  regard  be  had  to  exalted  morality  or  last- 
ing service,  to  any  of  the  great  adventurous  English  Colonists,  whose 
effigies  have  found  a  place  in  the  Abbey.  May  we  not  therefore  with 
some  propriety  quote  Dr.  Johnson's  couplet : 

"See  nations  slowly  wise,  and  meanly  just, 
To  buried  merit  raise  the  tardy  bust." 

His  gratification  would  be  great  that  the  American  Colonies 
had  formed  into  an  organic  union,  for  he  was  the  first  to  advocate 
such  a  union.  He  would  doubtless  regret,  at  least  for  the  moment, 
that  the  United  Colonies,  or  as  we  call  them  the  United  States, 
were  no  longer  a  part  of  the  great  mother  Empire,  but  with  his 
fine  spirituality  he  would  be  quick  to  see  that  there  may  be  a  union 
of  mind  and  heart  of  equal,  if  not  greater,  advantage  to  that  of  a 
merely  corporate  connection.  No  one  would  rejoice  more  than  he  in 
the  sincere  friendship  which  now  happily  exists  between  the  mother 


William  Penn  Memorial  41 

Empire  and  her  sturdiest  son  across  the  great  Atlantic,  and  in  the 
unbroken  peace  which  has  now  lasted  nearly  a  full  century. 

He  would  be  profoundly  gratified  at  the  signal  vindication  by 
subsequent  events  of  the  principles  for  which  he  stood.  The  cause 
of  religious  liberty  to  which  he  gave  his  whole  life  has  now  become  ^ 
almost  a  commonplace.  His  ideas  of  government  as  suggested 
in  the  frame  of  government  which  he,  with  the  assistance  of  [^ 
Sidney  and  Locke,  drafted  for  his  infant  commonwealth,  profoundly 
affected  the  subsequent  development  of  the  greater  American 
Commonwealth  and  through  that  of  all  the  governments  of  the 
civilized  world.  He  would  be  astonished  to  learn  that  the  city  which 
he  founded,  and  before  its  very  birth  named  Philadelphia,  has  now 
a  population  nearly  four  times  as  great  as  that  of  London  of  his 
day,  and  that  his  vast  domain,  which  Charles  IL  called  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  become  the  home  of  nearly  eight  millions  of  people. 
Thus  the  "holy  experiment,"  as  Penn  called  it,  has  found  a  glorious 
reality  in  a  noble  commonwealth,  whose  star  is  still  ascendant  in  the 
constellation  of  the  States.  Even  with  his  Quaker  thrift,  he  might 
possibly  feel  ashamed  of  the  unconscious  usury  of  his  celebrated 
business  transaction  with  Charles  IL  The  King  owed  him  ii6,cxx). 
Undoubtedly  it  was  what  is  commercially  known  as  a  bad  debt,  for 
the  "merry  monarch,"  like  Micawber,  never  paid  any  debt  except 
of  his  own  volition.  For  this  Penn  asked  and  accepted  a  domain 
of  40,000  square  miles  of  territory  which  has  now  been  shown  to  be 
as  rich  a  section  in  all  the  varied  elements  of  wealth  as  possibly 
exists  in  the  entire  globe.  Without  worrying  you  with  statistics, 
the  landed  estates  of  Pennsylvania,  which  Penn  secured  for  £16,000, 
are  now  worth  £1,300,000,000,  and  the  annual  product  of  its  minerals 
alone  exceeds  £100,000,000  sterling.  This  was  a  pretty  good  bar- 
gain,— even  for  a  Quaker.  I  think  the  lineal  descendants  of  Penn 
here  assembled  should  find  the  heirs  of  Charles  IL  and  make  some 
restitution. 

Another  reform  which  he  consistently  advocated,  and  which 
has  received  all  the  vindication  that  is  good  for  society,  was  the       ; 
reform  of  the  prisons.    Penn  had  good  reason  to  dislike  the  prisons     ^ 
of  his  day,  and  wrote  many  pamphlets  to  secure  their  improvement. 
To-day  our  ultra-humane  civilization  has  turned  some  of  the  prisons 


42  William  Penn  Memorial 

into  high  class  hotels  for  the  indigent,  whose  chief  disadvantage 
is  the  involuntary  restriction  of  locomotion.  As  the  convict  said, 
when  asked  by  the  inspectors  of  an  American  penitentiary  whether 
he  had  any  complaint  to  make,  he  replied  that  he  did  not  object  to 
the  Sunday  services,  but  he  wished  that  they  would  not  always  sing 
the  hymn,  "Abide  with  me." 

I  do  not  think  that  if  Penn  returned  to  us  to-night  that  he  would 
be  much  distressed  by  Lord  Macaulay's  attempt  to  blacken  his  mem- 
ory. He  knew  too  well  what  misrepresentation  was.  He  suffered  the 
fate  which  every  man  of  incorruptible  honour  and  unswerving  pur- 
pose must  suffer  who  attempts  to  pursue  an  undeviating  course  in  a 
corrupt  and  turbulent  period  of  history.  Indeed,  his  life  ended  some- 
what under  a  cloud.  His  tenants  in  Pennsylvania  had  towards  him 
the  feeling  that  tenants  generally  have  for  a  landlord.  His  own  sect, 
to  which  he  had  given  the  best  labours  of  his  life,  did  not  altogether 
relish  the  fact  that  Penn  lived  for  a  time  in  Holland  House,  drove 
to  Whitehall  in  a  stately  coach  and  four,  and  was  the  trusted  con- 
fidant of  a  Catholic  king.  The  rascality  of  his  land  agent  involved 
Penn  in  business  complications,  so  that  in  his  later  days,  although 
possessed  of  the  richest  domain  that  any  individual  landowner  ever 
had  in  the  history  of  the  world,  he  found  himself  in  his  last  days 
a  prisoner  for  debt  in  Fleet  Prison.  Indeed,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
beyond  his  immediate  family,  only  one  class  of  people  seemed  to 
have  remembered  him  gratefully.  They  were  the  Indians  of  the 
American  forests,  whom  he  had  treated  with  scrupulous  fairness, 
and  with  whom  he  and  his  successors  had  kept  peace  for  half  a  cen- 
tury. They  called  him  the  great  "white  truth-teller,"  and  regarded 
him  as  the  "man  of  unbroken  friendship  and  inviolate  treaties." 
When  he  died,  they  honoured  his  memory  in  their  wigwams  and 
about  their  campfires,  and  sent  his  widow  as  a  mark  of  their  grief 
a  present  of  valuable  skins. 

Another  cause  to  which  he  gave  a  lifetime  of  advocacy  has  also 
been  realized  far  beyond  his  most  sanguine  anticipations.  I  refer  to 
the  cause  of  international  peace.  In  1692,  he  published  his  essay  "To- 
wards the  present  and  future  peace  of  Europe,"  in  which,  as  "the 
fruit  of  many  solicitous  thoughts  for  the  peace  of  Europe,"  and  to 
prevent  what  he  finely  called  the  "tragedy"  of  war,  he  advocated 


William  Penn  Memorial  43 

the  formation  of  a  European  Parliament,  before  which  all  differences 
between  the  nations  should  be  peacefully  arbitrated.  Like  Mirabeau, 
he  believed  that  "every  European  war  is  a  civil  war."  He  argued 
that  as  peace  between  individuals  could  not  be  preserved  if  each 
individual  were  to  judge  of  the  righteousness  of  his  own  quarrel, 
and  as  the  foundation  of  peace  in  a  single  nation  was  the  administra- 
tion of  justice,  so  there  could  be  no  lasting  fraternity  among  nations 
until  there  was  a  common  government  for  the  administration  of 
international  justice. 

He  was  something  more  than  a  theorist  on  this  subject  of  inter- 
national arbitration.  He  practiced  what  he  preached.  Although 
granted  Pennsylvania  by  Charles  H.,  and  having  a  title  regarded  as 
perfect  by  civilization,  yet  on  his  arrival  in  the  Delaware  he  bought 
again  from  the  Indians  the  land  which  he  had  bought  from  the 
English  king.  Under  the  branching  elms  of  the  forest  he  made  his 
famous  treaty  with  the  Indians,  saying  to  them : 

"We  are  met  on  the  pathway  of  mutual  respect  and  fair  dealing. 
No  advantage  will  be  taken  on  either  side,  but  all  shall  be  openness 
and  love.  I  will  not  call  you  children,  for  even  parents  sometimes 
chide  their  children  too  severely.  Nor  brothers,  for  even  brothers 
sometimes  differ.  Our  friendship  I  will  not  liken  to  a  chain,  for  that 
the  rain  might  rust  or  a  falling  tree  might  break.  We  are  as  if 
one  man's  body  was  divided  into  two  parts.  We  are  all  one  flesh 
and  blood." 

To  this  the  so-called  savages  replied:  "While  the  sun  shines 
and  the  river  runs,  we  will  keep  peace  with  William  Penn  and 
his  children." 

Nothing  in  that  time  more  deeply  impressed  the  imagination  of 
the  world  than  this  treatment  of  the  Indians,  and  the  scrupulous 
fidelity  with  which  both  contracting  parties  recognized  their  cove- 
nants for  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  century.  During  that  time  Penn- 
sylvania alone  of  all  the  colonies  was  exempt  from  Indian  wars. 
Well  might  the  cynical  Voltaire  say  that  this  was  "the  only  treaty 
between  nations  which  was  not  reduced  to  parchment  or  ratified  by 
an  oath  and  yet  was  never  broken." 

In  this  there  seems  to  be  a  lesson  for  the  hour,  when  His 
Majesty's  Government  and  the  United  States  of  America  are  pre- 


44  William  Penn  Memorial 

paring  to  make  a  treaty  of  arbitration  far  in  advance  of  any  similar 
agreement,  in  which  differences  will  be  submitted  to  arbitration  even 
though  they  are  supposed  to  involve  national  honour.  For  myself, 
I  cannot  give  any  exaggerated  value  to  arbitration  treaties.  They 
serve  a  purpose  in  providing  a  means  for  adjusting  the  disputes 
which  may  arise  even  between  friends,  but  they  are  valueless 
without  respect  to  the  size  of  the  parchment,  the  number  of  the  seals, 
or  the  quantity  of  red  tape,  unless  each  nation  is  inspired  with  a 
reasonably  pacific  and  fair-minded  disposition.  Unless  England 
and  the  United  States  can  meet  each  other  as  Penn  met  the  Indians, 
"upon  the  pathway  of  mutual  respect  and  fair  dealing,"  with  no 
intention  to  take  advantage  on  either  side,  our  treaties  of  arbitration 
will  be  little  better  than  the  parchment  upon  which  they  are  written. 
The  real  hope,  which  we  can  now  so  confidently  cherish,  of  an 
abiding  peace  between  England  and  the  United  States,  arises  in 
that  spirit  of  honest  friendship  and  mutual  respect  which  I  am 
persuaded  animates  both. 

Such  was  the  spirit  of  William  Penn.  In  an  age  of  unceasing 
war  and  perverted  international  morality,  he  was  a  morning  star 
that  heralded  the  dawn  of  a  better  day.  If  in  the  seventeenth 
century  the  infant  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  so-called 
savages  of  the  forests  could  preserve  an  unbroken  peace  for  three- 
quarters  of  a  century  without  other  guarantee  than  the  policy  of 
''mutual  respect  and  fair  dealing,"  then  we  may  cherish  a  reasonable 
hope  that  in  the  twentieth  century  our  two  puissant  and  sovereign 
nations,  united  by  such  an  infinite  number  of  common  ties,  can 
similarly  maintain  an  inviolate  friendship,  whether  there  be  a  treaty 
of  arbitration  or  not.  May  not  each  say  to  the  other,  as  did 
William  Penn  on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware — and  perhaps  the 
refrain  first  heard  in  Bethlehem,  of  "peace  on  earth  good  will  to  men," 
never  had  a  nobler  echo, — 

"Our  friendship  I  will  not  liken  to  a  chain,  for  that  the  rain 
might  rust  or  a  falling  tree  might  break.  We  are  as  if  one  man's 
body  was  divided  into  two  parts.     We  are  one  flesh  and  blood"? 


William  Penn  Memorial  45 

The  President: 

Listening  to  the  eloquent  words  of  our  friend  we  may  well 
believe  that  the  "pen"  is  mightier  than  the  sword,  and  we  may  also 
remember  that  in  the  roll  of  centuries  years  do  not  count ;  we  count 
by  events  and  by  the  great  influences  which  spring  from  action. 
Though  Penn  was  in  Pennsylvania  for  only  four  years,  yet  250 
years  have  passed  and  have  not  lessened  the  influence  of  his  acts 
in  the  Empire  that  he  founded.  You  have  heard  words  from  two 
representatives  and  now  I  am  going  to  call  upon  another,  one  whose 
voice  all  here  will  listen  to  with  delight  and  pleasure. 

I  well  remember  in  our  centenary  year  when  celebrating  the, 
to  us,  great  day  of  Independence,  when  we  called  upon  the  navies 
of  the  world  to  come  and  visit  our  great  city  of  New  York  and 
help  us  to  celebrate  that  day,  and  on  the  great  day  of  that  celebration 
when  the  sailors  of  all  the  navies  of  the  world  marched  down  our 
great  thoroughfare  the  sailors  of  England  led  the  line  and  a  gallant 
sailor  now  an  Admiral  of  England  led  the  line  of  Englishmen,  and 
when  at  the  end  of  the  line  they  broke  up,  a  countryman  meeting 
this  officer  said,  "Be  you  a  foreigner?"  "No,"  replied  the  officer, 
"I  am  not  a  foreigner,  I  am  an  Englishman." 

We  have  the  man  here  to-night  who  never  was  a  foreigner; 
he  is  one  of  ourselves,  we  love  him  and  we  trust  him  perhaps  even 
more  than  you  do.  We  have  been  ready  to  learn  the  lessons  that 
he  has  taught.  Wherever  the  name  of  Beresford  is  mentioned  in 
all  our  broad  land  we  greet  him  as  one  of  the  great  expressions 
of  the  great  English-speaking  race.  I  well  remember  -  when  he 
was  my  guest  at  Pensacola,  where  our  fleet  was  assembled,  how 
nearly  I  sacrificed  the  friendship  of  years  because  the  captain  of 
every  ship  in  all  that  fleet  felt  there  was  a  special  reason  why  he 
should  receive  Lord  Charles  Beresford  upon  his  ship  and  because 
I  would  not  decide  in  each  one's  favour  he  was  inclined  to  think 
I  was  unfair  and  unfriendly.  When  I  ask  Lord  Charles  Beresford 
to  respond,  I  am  asking  a  man  who  is  in  himself  a  tie  that  binds  our 
two  countries  together.  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  I  call  upon  you 
to  reply. 


46  William  Penn  Memorial 


ADDRESS  OF  ADMIRAL  THE  LORD  CHARLES 
BERESFORD,  G.C.B. 

Mr.  President,  my  Lords,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

This  is  indeed  a  notable  occasion.  Here  is  a  proof  that  the  great 
English-speaking  nations  desire  to  consolidate  that  friendship  which 
is  only  natural  amongst  nations  who  speak  the  same  language, 
have  the  same  traditions,  possess  the  same  sentiments  of  fair  play 
and  chivalrous  dealing ;  men  who  in  the  present  day  sing  the  same 
songs  wherever  the  English  language  is  spoken.  We  meet 
to  honour  the  name  of  one  who  spent  his  life  in  the  cause  of  peace 
and  good-will.  Men  of  the  British  Empire  and  of  the  United 
States  are  here  united  to  pay  respect  to  the  memory  of  an  American 
citizen  who  combined  in  his  own  person  the  noblest  traits  of  both 
great  nations. 

The  pending  arbitration  treaty  between  the  British  and  United 
States  Governments  is  an  effort  in  the  direction  of  peace.  It  is 
commanding  the  attention  of  the  civilized  world.  Its  object  would 
have  commended  itself  to  the  man  in  whose  honour  we  are  meeting 
to-day.  We  of  the  United  Kingdom  are  proud  that  William  Penn 
was  born  and  ended  his  days  in  England.  The  noble  work  he  carried 
out  in  America  earned  for  him  the  love  and  respect  of  all  who 
knew  him.  The  savage  Indian  tribes  acknowledged  and  regarded 
him  as  the  Great  Chief  who  devoted  his  time  amongst  them  to  the 
cause  of  peace  and  humanity.  His  acts  and  deeds  left  a  name  that 
can  never  be  effaced. 

The  bonds  of  friendship  between  the  United  States  and  the 
British  Empire  are  becoming  stronger  as  years  roll  by.  Many  of 
us  look  forward  to  the  time  when,  avoiding  anything  approaching 
false  sentiment,  the  English-speaking  nations  may  become  the 
organized  peace-keepers  of  the  world.  Peace  and  good-will  amongst 
the  nations  of  the  earth  can  never  be  brought  about  by  sentiment 
alone.  As  united  nations,  we  should  be  strong  enough  to  command 
respect  when  we  range  ourselves  on  the  side  of  peace.  The  con- 
tinued friendship  of  the  English-speaking  nations  will  do  as  much 


William  Penn  Memorial  47 

for  liberty  and  civilization  as  the  efforts  of  William  Penn  long  years 
ago  in  the  North  American  continent. 

On  the  part  of  the  United  Kingdom,  I  applaud  the  sentiments 
expressed  in  the  toast  given  by  Col.  Thompson,  "The  memory  of 
William  Penn  and  the  continuing  friendship  of  the  English-speaking 
people." 

The  President: 

Once  before  reference  has  been  made  to  the  union  between  the 
two  great  English-speaking  nations,  but  the  time  has  come  when 
we  must  take  note  of  the  fact  that  it  is  no  longer  a  question  of  the 
two  English-speaking  nations.  Your  Dominions  across  the  sea 
to-day  have  taken  their  place  amongst  the  ranks  of  the  nations  and 
must  be  taken  into  account.  No  gathering  like  this  is  complete 
unless  you  hear  the  voice  of  Canada,  of  Australia,  of  New  Zealand, 
of  all  your  Dominions  speaking  here,  and  to-night  I  have  felt  it 
would  not  be  fit  that  we  should  reply  to  this  toast  without  calling 
upon  those  Dominions  to  respond,  and  I  have  asked  a  gentleman 
who  is  here  to-night  to  speak  for  the  Dominions  beyond  the  sea, 
Mr.  Wallace  Nesbitt,  of  Toronto. 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  HON.  WALLACE  NESBITT,  K.C. 

Mr.  President y  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

The  relations  between  Canada  and  the  United  States  I  was 
reminded  of  by  finding  myself  alongside  His  Excellency  the  new 
Ambassador  of  the  United  States  to  Russia,  Mr.  Curtis  Guild. 
I  can  best  illustrate  the  amity  of  these  relations  and  how  it  is  taken 
for  granted  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  have  anything  in  the  nature 
of  a  quarrel  between  us  by  two  illustrations  of  which  he  is  the 
central  figure.  In  1905  the  King's  Own  Regiment  of  Canada  was 
asked  to  take  part  in  some  celebration  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 
At  the  last  moment  it  was  discovered  that,  under  an  old  statute 
of  Massachussets  some  hundred  odd  years  old,  it  was  absolutely 
forbidden  the  troops  of  any  foreign  nation  to  parade  in  arms  any- 


4B  William  Penn  Memorial 

where  upon  the  highways  of  Massachussets.  It  was  impossible  to 
recall  the  invitation,  and  it  was  apparently  impossible  to  get  rid  of 
the  difficulty. 

The  Governor  of  Massachusetts  fled  to  Maine,  the  Attorney- 
General  fled  somewhere  else;  my  friend  here  stepped  into  the  office 
as  Deputy  Governor  for  the  time  being,  and  called  upon  a  dis- 
tinguished lawyer  to  act  as  Assistant  Attorney-General  and  the  two 
of  them  analyzed  the  statute  and  my  friend  pointed  out  the  fact 
that  there  must  be  no  statute  that  could  interfere  with  the  welcome 
of  Canadian  troops  as  representing  the  British  Empire  in  the  United 
States.  They  studied  the  statute  and  my  friend  then  evolved  this 
little  artifice.  I  do  not  know  that  he  is  a  descendant  of  the  astute 
William  Penn,  but  he  evolved  this  little  artifice.  The  troops  were 
brought  to  the  railway  station,  their  arms  were  stored  for  the 
moment  in  the  waiting-room;  they  were  taken  in  waggons  to  the 
next  station,  so  they  did  not  parade.  Then  they  were  taken  to 
Providence  and  my  friend  promptly  obtained  the  repeal  of  that  law, 
and  to-day  anywhere  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts  by  the  act  of 
the  Governor  Canadian  troops  representing  your  Empire,  with  their 
drums  beating  and  their  bayonets  fixed,  in  full  uniform  can  parade 
the  streets  of  any  city. 

And  as  a  further  evidence  of  the  amity  that  exists,  you  may 
remember  that  about  a  hundred  and  thirty-five  years  ago  there  was 
some  small  unpleasantness  at  a  place  called  Bunker's  Hill.  A 
regiment  of  Canadian  Fusiliers  were  asked  to  take  part  in  the 
Bunker's  Hill  celebration  and  to  show  the  relations  that  exists, 
I  need  only  say  to  you  that  the  flags  of  England  and  the  United 
States  were  draped  together  upon  that  hill,  both  of  equal  importance ; 
the  one  worthy  for  their  resistance,  the  other  worthy  for  the  attack 
that  took  place,  and  the  Fusiliers  in  their  bearskins  and  red  coats 
took  part  in  the  Bunker's  Hill  celebration.  Need  I  say  anything 
more  as  to  the  relations  that  exist  between  Canada  and  the  United 
States  than  to  give  you  those  two  recent  illustrations? 

Now  something  has  been  said  about  the  history  of  William 
Penn  in  the  very  eloquent  speech  made  by  my  friend  Mr.  Beck. 
I  was  reminded  while  he  was  speaking  of  the  fact  that  if  the  ghost 
of  Penn  could  revisit  this  hall  he  would  find  a  familiar  atmosphere. 


William  Penn  Memorial  49 

You  may  remember  that  though  he  spent  only  four  years  in  Penn- 
sylvania, the  greater  part  of  that  time  was  taken  up  with  the  most 
distressing  quarrel  between  the  Upper  and  the  Lower  House  which 
he  had  created,  by  the  Lower  House  assuming  to  take  the  full  respon- 
sibility and  depriving  the  Upper  House  of  any  voice  in  the  affairs 
of  the  Commonwealth  whatever.  I  do  not  want  to  enter  into 
English  politics,  but  I  think  the  ghost  would  recognize  perhaps 
that  he  was  still  in  the  same  atmosphere  that  he  had  quitted  in 
Philadelphia.  The  result,  fortunately,  was  that  both  houses  were 
put  an  end  to. 

Now  as  to  the  general  sentiment  that  prevails,  so  far  as  I  know, 
throughout  the  world  between  the  great  English-speaking  communi- 
ties as  represented  by  the  British  Empire  and  the  United  States,  I 
think  I  can  best  illustrate  by  another  little  incident  that  Admiral 
Lambton  will  perhaps  correct  me  in  if  I  am  wrong.  In  the  year 
i860,  or  thereabouts,  an  English  frigate  found  itself  under  the  fire 
of  the  Canton  Forts,  her  masts  were  shot  away,  her  sails  were  down, 
most  of  her  gunners  were  lying  bleeding  and  mangled  on  the  deck 
when  about  twenty  gunners  from  an  American  frigate,  which  was 
near  by  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Tatnell,  slipped  over  the  side 
of  the  frigate,  climbed  up  the  side  of  the  English  frigate,  fired  the 
English  guns  until  the  enemy's  guns  were  silent  and  victory  was 
on  the  side  of  England,  and  then  only  Capt.  Tatnell  thought  of  the 
great  difficulties  he  might  get  his  nation  into  by  such  a  gross  breach 
of  international  law.  He,  however,  turned  to  one  of  his  officers 
and  said,  ''Blood  is  thicker  than  water."  My  belief  is  that  if  the 
time  should  ever,  unhappily,  come  when  the  gunners  of  England 
are  again  mangled  and  bleeding  upon  the  decks  of  their  vessels 
that  you  will  find  blood  is  thicker  than  water,  and  the  American 
navy  will  again  come  to  their  rescue.  In  reference  to  the  Arbitra- 
tion Treaty  I  believe,  as  one  of  the  speakers  has  said,  that  if  we 
unite  and  if  the  Empire,  including  the  Dominions  over  the  seas  and 
the  United  States,  unite  in  saying  there  shall  be  no  war,  there  will 
be  no  war.  The  most  triumphant  instrument  of  peace  to-day  in 
world  is  the  recognition  of  the  fact  that,  although  there  is  no  actual 
bond  of  alliance  offensive  or  defensive,  no  one  will  dare  take  the 
chance  of  fighting  the  English  tongue.    Much  has  been  said  about 


50  William  Penn  Memorial 

peace,  but  there  is  one  little  thing,  that  if  we  all  put  a  shoulder  to 
the  wheel  and  only  get  my  eloquent  friend  to  interview  the  United 
States  Senate,  I  am  quite  certain  you  could  bring  about  a  permanent 
treaty  which  would  forbid  any  armed  vessel  upon  the  Great  Lakes 
between  Canada  and  the  United  States,  and  the  last  possible  element 
of  friction  would  be  removed  and  we  would  dwell  with  them  in  the 
most  absolute  amity  and  our  troops  and  their  troops  would  have  no 
possibility  of  any  hostile  feeling. 

The  President: 

I  did  well  in  asking  that  you  should  listen  to  the  Dominions 
over  the  seas.  I  told  you  I  had  four  speakers  to  answer  to  the 
Toast,  but  we  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  have  come  into  our 
hall  one  whom  we  hoped  for  but  feared  we  might  not  be  honoured 
by  his  presence.  The  American  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain  is 
now  present  and  I  am  sure  you  will  be  glad  to  have  from  him  a 
benediction  upon  the  words  of  peace  that  have  been  uttered. 

Mr.  Whitelaw  Reid,  may  I  ask,  as  a  favour,  that  you  will  add 
to  the  words  that  have  already  been  spoken? 

ADDRESS  OF  HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  HONOURABLE 
WHITELAW  REID. 

Mr.  President,  Ladies,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

It  seems  to  me  that  coming  very  late  into  this  hall  I  have  already 
struck  upon  an  extremely  dangerous  point.  It  is  never,  indeed, 
dangerous  to  give  a  benediction  to  any  words  of  peace.  But  we 
have  had  some  recent  experience  in  this  country  and  in  my  own 
which  teaches  me  that  it  is  best  to  say  as  little  as  possible  about 
alliances.  I  am  here,  at  any  rate,  not  to  make  a  speech — I  was 
assured  I  need  not — I  am  here  rather  in  the  guise  of  a  penitent  to 
make  the  best  excuses  I  can  for  having  been  unable  to  undertake  a 
duty  which  I  was  asked  to  discharge  in  connection  with  the  unveil- 
ing of  the  tablet  to  William  Penn,  and  to  make  my  further  excuses 
for  having  been  unable  to  accept  the  gracious  hospitality  which  you 
have  all  been  enjoying  here  this  evening. 


William  Penn  Memorial  51 

Having  done  that,  I  really  have  nothing  more  to  add  except  to 
congratulate  you  on  what  seems  to  be  your  brilliant  success  in  hav- 
ing made  English  people  somewhat  acquainted  with  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania  and  having  done  something  towards  making  the 
American  people  better  acquainted  with  William  Penn.  They  are 
both  very  deserving  subjects.  The  State  of  Pennsylvania  has  cer- 
tainly contributed  as  much  to  the  Union  as  any  other  State  that  can 
be  named,  and  especially  in  the  early  days  of  the  Republic  it  made 
almost  greater  contributions  to  the  service  of  the  Republic  than  any 
other  one  State,  Virginia  always  excepted. 

You  might  say  of  Pennsylvania  what  the  great  orator  said  of 
Massachussets :  "There  she  stands:  she  speaks  for  herself."  Due 
contribution  made  in  the  early  days  was  that  of  one  of  the  greatest 
men  that  ever  adorned  English  or  American  history,  Benjamin 
Franklin.  Others  who  rendered  almost  equal  service  were  Morris 
who  financed  the  Revolution  and  Gallatin  who  financed  the  new 
nation.  Well,  gentlemen,  the  only  thing  that  you  need  explain 
further  in  connection  with  that  is,  that  only  one  of  the  three  really 
belonged  to  Pennsylvania;  all  that  you  can  really  claim  about  the 
other  two  is  that  you  developed  them !  You  have  developed  a  great 
deal  since !  Far  be  it  from  me  to  say  that  the  present  men  in  control 
of  affairs  in  Pennsylvania  are  not  as  great  as  they.  In  fact,  it 
becomes  me  to  think  that  some  of  them  are,  for  one  is  my  immediate 
chief,  and  amongst  the  others  are  men  like  Penrose  and  the  Chair- 
man of  this  Meeting. 

Well,  gentlemen,  with  reference  to  William  Penn  I  do  not 
think  that  you  need  any  more  eulogies,  after  what  you  have  already 
heard.  It  may  be  said  of  him,  as  it  has  been  said  of  men  who  were 
less  peaceful,  that  a  great  deal  of  the  trouble  by  which  people  were 
environed  was  owing  to  meddling  with  cold  iron.  He  did  not  mean 
to  meddle  with  cold  iron  himself  in  the  least,  and  yet  he  seemed  to 
come  out  rather  the  worst  for  it.  He  is  the  patron  saint  of  Penn- 
sylvania now,  but  it  happens  that  the  Assembly  of  his  own  Province 
turned  him  out  of  the  Governorship  for  some  lack  of  respect.  Then 
he  came  back  to  his  own  country  where  he  promptly  got  arrested 
and  tried  for  high  treason.  Well,  it  is  pleasant  to  remember  that 
he  was  honourably  acquitted  from  the  charge  of  high  treason  and 


52  William  Penn  Memorial 

was  trusted  again  by  his  King,  and  it  is  more  pleasant  still  to  remem- 
ber that  a  second  and  wiser  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  took  him  back 
as  Governor. 

Gentlemen,  I  have  not  the  remotest  intention  of  going  any 
further  into  the  subject  of  this  meeting  and  least  of  all  entering 
upon  those  high  questions  which  have  been  introduced,  connected 
with  the  preservation  of  the  peace  of  the  world.  I  can  only  re-echo 
most  cordially  one  sentence  which  I  caught  on  my  late  entrance 
to  the  effect  that  the  English  language  is  hard  to  fight.  Wherever 
you  have  that  bond  of  union,  you  are  likely  to  have  the  sort  of  thing 
which  exists  between  these  English  representatives  and  ourselves, 
a  boundary  line  of  3,000  miles  without  a  gun  upon  it  and  without  a 
soldier.  If  there  is  a  great  peace-making  institution  in  the  world, 
it  is  the  English  language,  especially  when  coupled  with  the  English 
common  law,  English  parliamentary  institutions  and  the  common 
aspirations  of  both  our  countries. 

The  President: 

Time  draws  on,  yet  there  is  so  much  to  say  that  will  be  so 
well  said  that  I  hope  your  patience  will  not  weary  of  it.  There 
comes  a  toast  to  which  I  am  sure  you  will  all  drink  bumpers:  "The 
Two  Great  Cities,  London  and  Philadelphia."  The  Mayor  of  Phila- 
delphia has  sent  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  that  great  city  to 
represent  him  here  and  I  am  going  to  call  upon  Mr.  George  F.  Baer 
to  respond  to  the  toast,  "London  and  Philadelphia." 


LONDON  AND  PHILADELPHIA 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  HONOURABLE  GEORGE  F.  BAER. 

Mr.  President,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

I  am  an  emergency  man.  By  cable  I  have  been  drafted  to  repre- 
sent the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  ordered  into  imme- 
diate service  without  that  chance  of  drill  and  preparation  for  action 
that  my  distinguished  countrymen  have  been  more  fortunate  in 
having.     There  is  perhaps  some  incongruity  in  the  fact  that  the 


William  Penn  Memorial  53 

Mayor  of  a  Quaker  city  should  call  upon  a  Pennsylvania  German  to 
represent  that  city.  But  on  reflection  the  eternal  fitness  of  things 
is  not  so  seriously  outraged  as  one  would  suspect.  With  great 
gratitude  the  Pennsylvania  Germans  recall  that  there  was  a  time 
when  Penn  was  their  great  benefactor.  In  the  great  tumult  in 
Europe,  when  the  cities  and  the  homes  of  the  Rhine  were  devastated 
and  numberless  Germans  were  cast  upon  the  world  as  wanderers 
without  shelter  or  without  hope,  it  was  Penn  who  called  them  into 
counsel  and  told  them  of  the  Commonwealth  he  had  founded  in  Penn- 
sylvania, where  liberty  of  conscience  and  liberty  regulated  by  law 
was  supreme.  In  countless  numbers  they  flocked  there,  numbers  so 
great  that  after  a  few  short  years  the  Proprietary  Governor  of 
Pennsylvania  called  the  British  Government's  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  number  was  so  great  that  the  dominion  of  the  British  in 
Pennsylvania  was  threatened. 

At  one  time  Penn's  great  nation,  having  mercy  upon  several 
thousand  Palatines,  offered  them  a  home  and  shelter  in  your  own 
land.  When  it  was  not  found  practicable  to  take  care  of  them  here, 
your  good  Queen  Anne  chartered  many  ships  and  sent  them  to  New 
York.  I  dare  not  tell  you  to-night  in  the  presence  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Society  of  New  York  what  their  treatment  was  in  New 
York,  because  New  York,  as  is  demonstrated  by  the  presence  of 
these  great  Pennsylvanians  dwelling  in  New  York,  has  become  more 
hospitable ;  but  in  the  course  of  a  few  years  those  worthy  Germans 
came  over  to  Pennsylvania  to  seek  good  homes  and  peace  and  rest. 
There  is  more  significance  in  this  gathering  to-night  than  in  the 
mere  commemoration  of  the  life  of  Penn.  These  two  great  nations 
are  bound  together  by  marvelous  ties.  Though  we  separated  from 
you  many  years  ago,  in  everything  that  controls  the  liberties  and  the 
conscience  of  our  American  people  we  are  still  English.  The  com- 
mon law  is  our  law ;  in  the  courts  of  justice  your  decisions  are 
given  equal  force  to  our  own,  and  whether  you  fully  recognize  it  or 
not  we  are  as  missionaries  accomplishing  a  great  work  which  will 
tend  for  all  time  to  make  perpetual  the  dominion  of  the  men  who 
speak  the  English  tongue. 

Year  by  year  millions  of  men  of  strange  tongues  come  to  our 
land  and  in  the  course  of  a  few  generations  their  foreign  tongues 


54  William  Penn  Memorial 

are  forgotten  and  they  speak  the  English  language  and  imbibe  those 
English  principles  which  have  been  for  the  last  centuries  the  leading 
ideals  of  the  world.  So  that  it  is  inconceivable — not  inconceivable, 
perhaps — ^but  improbable  that  at  any  time  these  English-speaking 
people  shall  ever  come  to  any  serious  warfare.  Jealousies  there  will 
be  between  us,  rivalry  there  will  be,  because  after  all  rivalry  is  the 
token  of  progress ;  but  we  can  never  conceive  of  two  nations  speak- 
ing the  same  language  and  having  the  same  traditions,  ever  coming 
into  any  serious  conflict. 

It  has  been  said  that  language  and  not  race  is  the  bond  that 
unites  the  peoples  of  the  earth,  and  so  it  is.  When  I  remember 
how  brothers  in  our  own  land,  speaking  the  same  language  and  of  the 
same  race,  and  under  the  same  government,  rose  up  in  deadly  con- 
flict, I  may  well  hesitate  to  prophesy  as  to  the  future  peace  of  the 
world.  Whatever  the  future  may  have  in  store  for  us,  sure  I  am  that 
in  the  onward  movement  of  the  world  these  great  English-speaking 
nations  will  be  the  foremost  in  controlling  the  destiny  of  the  world. 

I  am  not  so  sure  that  temples  of  peace,  and  prayers  for  peace, 
and  the  theories  of  peace  of  even  William  Penn  will  dominate  and 
be  final ;  but  I  am  impressed  with  the  idea  that  in  some  mysterious 
way  and  by  means  perhaps  of  intercommunication  such  as  we  have 
had  to-night  with  Philadelphia,  the  world  is  becoming  more  akin. 
The  commercial  interests  of  the  world  are  becoming  so  great  that 
the  great  nations  engaged  in  commerce  and  business  will  stop  the 
angry  cry  of  politicians  and  their  reserve  of  common  sense  will 
prevent  any  serious  war  in  the  future. 

These  are  aspirations,  but  I  am  not  here  to  make  a  formal 
speech,  but  simply  to  represent  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia  is  a  "no  mean  city."  The  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania  is  so  great  in  all  its  material  prosperity  that  there  is 
scarcely  any  one  section  of  the  world  superior  to  it.  She  has  the 
natural  wealth  that  nature  in  her  prodigality  has  given  to  the  best 
of  the  nations.  She  could  produce  the  food  to  take  care  of  twice  her 
present  population  and  she  has  the  mineral  resources  and  the  capacity 
within  her  territory  to  develop  all  that  is  essential  for  the  comfort 
of  man,  even  in  this  progressive  and  extravagant  age,  without  going 
outside  her  boundaries. 


William  Penn  Memorial  55 

William  Penn's  memorial  for  all  time  will  be  the  great  Com- 
monwealth he  founded.  Philadelphia  sends  greetings  in  the  spirit 
of  brotherly  love  to  the  great  City  of  London,  the  acknowledged 
Metropolis  of  the  world.  What  Rome  was  to  ancient  civilization, 
London  is  to  modern  civilization.  With  all  her  historic  greatness, 
with  all  the  honours  that  have  through  the  centuries  been  given 
her,  not  amongst  the  least  is  the  fact  that  here  was  the  birthplace 
of  William  Penn. 

The  President: 

The  Pennsylvania  Society  desires  to  recognize  the  gracious  and 
kindly  hospitality  which  has  assembled  us  here  in  this  wonderful 
banqueting  hall  in  this  old  historic  mansion  in  what  is  to-day  the 
centre  of  all  civilization;  and  has  entrusted  me  with  the  duty  of 
presenting  to  the  gracious  lady  in  whose  mansion  we  are  now 
assembled  the  medal  of  the  Society.  And  grateful  as  I  am  to  them 
for  giving  me  this  pleasant  task  I  feel  that  I  need  protection;  and 
for  protection  I  confidently  appeal  to  the  Navy  and  the  Army  of 
England.  I  ask  Lord  Charles  Beresford  and  Lord  Kitchener  to 
assist  me  in  presenting  this  medal  to  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland  who 
has  favoured  us  with  her  presence. 

The  President,  attended  by  Admiral  Lord  Charles  Beresford 
and  Lord  Kitchener,  then  presented  the  medal  to  Her  Grace,  the 
Duchess  of  Sutherland. 

The  President: 

And  as  the  last  great  touch,  the  gilding  of  refined  gold,  the 
casting  of  the  perfume  upon  the  violet.  Her  Grace  will  herself  reply. 

RESPONSE  OF  HER  GRACE  THE  DUCHESS  OF  SUTHER- 
LAND. 

Col.  Thompson,  Lord  Kitchener,  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen: 

I  consider  it  a  very  great  honour  to  have  been  allowed  to  have 
been  here  to-night  at  this  most  thrilling  evening.  I  cannot  tell  you  with 
what  deep  interest  I  have  listened  to  the  speeches  on  this  auspicious 


56  William  Penn  Memorial 

occasion  and  how  much  I  shall  cherish  this  medal  which  has  been 
given  me  to-night  and  which  will  be  precious  to  me  above  rubies. 
My  own  disappointment  in  this  thrilling  evening  is  the  fact  that  you 
gentlemen  are  dining  without  your  hats.  I  had  hoped  to  find  you  in 
your  hats.  And  as  regards  Mr.  Beck's  remarks  in  his  wonderful 
speech  that  he  is  looking  for  the  descendants  of  Charles  II.,  although 
it  is,  perhaps,  hardly  the  time  to  talk  about  the  descendants  of 
Charles  II.,  I  may  say  that  he  has  not  very  far  to  go  if  he  really 
wishes  to  repay  that  debt,  as  I  am  on  my  mother's  side  a  Fitzroy  and 
a  Beauclerc. 

The  President: 

It  is  not  fitting  that  we  should  leave  this  room  to-night  without 
a  recognition  of  the  distinguished  gentlemen  to  whose  kindly  invita- 
tion we  owe  the  fact  that  we  are  here  present  to-night.  His  Grace, 
the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  controlled  by  engagements  which  could  not 
be  put  aside,  cannot  be  here  with  us,  but  to  represent  him  his  gallant 
son  Lord  Stafford  is  here  and  ready,  as  are  all  Englishmen  of  his 
class,  to  do  their  duty.  I  am  sure  he  will  stand  here  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  his  father  and  receive  from  us  our  hearty  thanks  for  the 
hospitality  shown  to  us. 

RESPONSE  OF  THE  MARQUESS  OF  STAFFORD. 

Colonel  Thompson^  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen: 

1  dare  not  think,  after  the  many  brilliant  speeches  we  have 
heard  to-night,  that  it  is  fitting  for  me  to  say  more  than  a  word. 
I  merely  wish  to  say  that  I  know  that  my  father's,  as  well  as  my 
own  great  wish,  is  that  good  feeling  and  good  fellowship  should 
always  exist  between  the  two  great  countries  of  the  United  States 
and  Great  Britain,  and  that  is  one  of  the  reasons  why  he  has  been  so 
pleased  to  do  the  smallest  service  of  lending  his  house  to-night. 

The  President: 

And  now  the  time  for  parting  comes  I  will  not  say  "good-bye," 
better  I  think  the  German  words,  "Auf  Wiedersehen." 

The  proceedings  then  terminated. 


THE   PHILADELPHIA   LUNCHEON 

Simultaneous  dinner  parties  three  thousand  miles  and  more 
apart  are  in  themselves  of  sufficient  rarity,  when  given  by  one  host, 
to  attract  universal  attention.  When  it  happens  that  the  two  parties 
so  widely  separated  are  engaged  in  commemorating  so  notable  an 
event  as  the  dedication  of  the  William  Penn  Memorial  in  London, 
the  separated  gatherings  become  part  of  a  united  whole  of  inter- 
national significance.  Colonel  Thompson's  proposal  that  at  the  very 
hour  he  was  presiding  at  the  Penn  Commemorative  Dinner  in 
Stafford  House  he  would  also  in  spirit,  and  through  accredited 
representatives,  be  presiding  at  a  similar  function  in  Penn's  fair 
city  of  Philadelphia,  was  greeted  with  the  enthusiasm  so  happy  a 
suggestion  merited.  And  when  to  the  act  of  simultaneous  feasting 
was  added  the  unusual  facility  of  direct  cable  connection  between 
the  two  dinner  halls,  the  very  summit  of  human  attainment  in  long- 
distance communication  was  attained. 

Such  was  the  programme,  and  it  was  carried  out  in  the  fine 
spirit  with  which  it  was  conceived.  Now  simultaneous  dining  in 
London  and  Philadelphia  is  a  matter  that  presents  some  difficulties 
other  than  that  of  the  mere  bridging  of  space.  When  the  day  has 
advanced  to  the  hour  of  eight  in  the  evening  in  London,  it  has  yet 
but  reached  the  tender  hour  of  three  in  the  afternoon  in  Philadelphia. 
And  this  hour,  it  is  scarce  necessary  to  point  out,  has  long  since 
ceased  to  be  an  hour  for  a  meal  in  Philadelphia.  Obviously  the 
astronomical  conditions  prevented  a  duplication  of  the  function  in 
London,  and  the  Philadelphians  had,  perforce,  to  content  themselves 
with  a  "Luncheon."  And  the  like  of  it  was  never  known  before 
in  Philadelphia,  for  never  before  had  the  memory  of  William  Penn 
been  honoured  in  the  two  cities  of  London  and  Philadelphia  simulta- 
neously. 

Quite  naturally  the  Bellevue-Stratford  was  the  scene  of  the 
Philadelphia  festivity.  And  the  day  being  warm — the  newspapers 
averred  it  was  hot — the  roof  of  this  great  Philadelphia  caravansary 
was,  as  naturally,  the  scene  of  the  luncheon.  The  cable  wires  were 
brought  directly  to  the  table  at  which  Colonel  Thompson's  guests 
were  seated. 


5  8  William  Penn  Memorial 

The  invited  guests  included : 

Hon.  John  E.  Reyburn,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 

Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  former  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  President  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Hon.  John  C.  Bell,  Attorney-General  of  Pennsylvania,  repre- 
senting the  Governor  of  the  State. 

Mr.  Arthur  L.  Church,  Trustee  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Judge  Robert  Ralston,  representing  the  Philadelphia  Bar. 

Dr.  Gregory  B.  Keen,  Secretary  of  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Penn  Gaskell  Skillern. 

Mr.  Murdoch  Kendrick. 

Mr.  S.  H.  P.  Pell. 

Mr.  Edgar  M.  Church. 

Mr.  George  N.  Moran. 

No  speeches  were  made,  as  the  circumstances  of  the  Luncheon 
did  not  call  for  them.  At  the  agreed  upon  signal  the  international 
toast  was  proposed,  and  numerous  messages  were  interchanged 
between  the  company  in  Philadelphia  and  the  larger  gathering  in 
London.  All  these  are  reproduced  in  full  in  the  report  of  the 
Dinner  at  Stafford  House. 

The  menu  was  as  follows : 

MENU 

Cantaloupe 
Salted  Almonds  Relishes  Pecan  Nuts 

Cup  Cold  Chicken  Gumbo 
Guinea  Chicks  Grilled  Virginia  Ham 

Potatoes  O'Brien  Fresh  Peas 

Cold  Asparagus,   Vinaigrette   and   French   Dressing 
Cut  Peaches  in  Vanilla  Saucers 
Assorted  Cakes 
Coffee 
Martini  Cocktails 
Rhine  Wine  Cup 
Cordials 
Cigars 
Cigarettes 


THE    WILLIAM     PENN    COMMEMORATIVE     MEDAL 


THE    COMMEMORATIVE   MEDAL 

The  Commemorative  Medal,  struck  by  The  Pennsylvania 
Society  in  connection  with  the  dedication  of  the  William  Penn 
Memorial  in  London,  was  designed  for  the  Society  by  John  Flana- 
gan, A.N.A.,  sculptor,  of  New  York.  On  the  obverse  is  a  portrait 
of  Penn  in  profile,  redrawn  from  the  armour  portrait,  and  on  the 
reverse  is  an  explanatory  inscription.  Of  this  medal  one  copy  was 
issued  in  gold  and  five  in  silver,  while  the  normal  publication  is  in 
bronze.  The  gold  and  silver  medals,  and  some  copies  of  the  bronze 
medals,  were  presented  by  the  Society  to  a  number  of  persons  and 
institutions,  the  former  including  those  who  had  rendered  special 
aid  and  assistance  to  it  in  connection  with  the  Penn  Commemoration. 
The  following  list  gives  the  honorary  distribution  of  the  medals : 

Gold  Medal. 

Her  Grace  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland. 

Silver  Medals. 

Field-Marshal  The  Viscount  Kitchener  of  Khartoum,  K.P., 
G.C.B.,  O.M.,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.LE. 

Admiral  The  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.L,  M.P. 

The  Rt.  Hon  Sir  T.  Vezey  Strong,  P.C,  Lord  Mayor  of 
London. 

Colonel  Richard  C.  B.  Lawrence,  C.B. 

Hon.  William  Andrews  Clark,  Vice-President  of  The  Pennsyl- 
vania Society. 

Bronze  Medals. 

H.  S.  H.  Prince  Louis  of  Battenberg,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O. 
The  Rt.  Hon.  and  Most  Rev.  the  Lord  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  and  Rt.  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London. 
The  Rt.  Hon.  The  Earl  of  Ranfurly,  G.C.M.G. 


6o 


William  Penn  Memorial 


The  Lord  Desborough,  K.C.V.O. 
Rt.  Hon.  Arthur  J.  Balfour,  M.P. 
Rt.  Hon.  Augustine  Birrell,  M.P. 
Lt.-Col.  Dugald  Stuart. 
Mr.  Thomas  Penn  Gaskell. 
Mr.  John  Murray,  F.S.A. 
Rev.  Arthur  W.  Robinson,  D.D. 
Mr.  Norman  Penney,  F.S.A. 
Mr.  Banister  Fletcher,  F.R.I.B.A. 
Hon.  Wallace  Nesbitt,  K.C. 
Miss  Winnifred  S.  Penn-Gaskell. 
Mr.  William  Rutherford  Mead. 
Mr.  Burt  L.  Fenner. 
The  Royal  Historical  Society. 
Christ  Church  College,  Oxford. 
Chigwell  Grammar  School. 
Friends'  Historical  Society,  London. 


(^^^<^^^r 


FACSIMILE    OF    SIGNATURES    TO    PENN  S      FRAME    OF    GOVERNMENT- 


THE  GRAVE  AT  JORDANS 

The  final  incident  in  the  Penn  Commemoration  of  191 1  was 
the  placing  of  a  wreath  on  the  grave  of  William  Penn  in  the  burial- 
ground  of  Jordans  Meeting-house.  This  solemn  duty  was  per- 
formed by  the  Secretary  as  the  representative  of  the  Society.  It 
was  the  culmination  of  the  Penn  pilgrimage,  and  a  fitting  climax 
to  the  tribute  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  to  the  great  Founder 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Jordans  is  a  quiet  and  sequestered  spot  in  Buckinghamshire, 
about  twenty  miles  from  London.  It  is  fortunate  in  having  no 
railroad  station  of  its  own  and  thus  its  original  quiet  and  beauty, 
its  wonderful  peacefulness  and  silence,  have  been  preserved  to  our 
own  day.  The  ancient  Meeting-house  stands  quite  alone,  in  the 
midst  of  soft  green  fields  and  silenced  woods.  Standing  beneath 
the  trees  it  nestles  close  to  the  ground,  a  guard-house  to  the  burial- 
place,  yet  modestly  without  it.  The  little  brick  building  has  no 
external  aspect  of  ecclesiastical  character :  nor  has  the  burial-ground 
beside  it  any  of  the  dismal  monumentation  that  is  so  generally 
distinctive  of  such  places.  It  is  a  small  green  field,  bordered  with 
lofty  trees,  standing  as  silent  sentinels  in  solemn  crowded  rows, 
watching,  day  and  night,  the  hallowed  ground  within. 

And  there,  close  by  the  plain  wooden  fence  before  the  Meeting- 
house, are  the  graves;  the  graves  of  William  Penn,  of  Guli  Penn, 
his  wife ;  of  Hannah  Penn,  also  his  wife ;  of  five  children  of  William 
Penn ;  of  Isaac,  Mary  and  John  Penington ;  of  Thomas  and  Mary 
Ellwood;  of  Springett  Penn.  All  told,  upwards  of  four  hundred 
persons  are  buried  in  this  field,  but  save  for  a  few  others,  the  graves 
of  the  Penns  alone  are  indicated  with  headstones,  and  these  of  the 
simplest  and  most  unpretentious  kind.  Even  they  are  modern, 
dating  only  from  the  early  sixties ;  but  their  plain  formal  character 
is  wholly  in  keeping  with  the  place. 

No  burial-place  in  the  world  is  at  once  more  simple  or  more 
fitting  than  this.  Here  is  no  forsaken  field,  no  neglected,  forgotten 
spot;  but  an  open  space  of  ground  bordered  on  two  sides  by  a 
stately  growth  of  trees,  on  the  third  by  a  fence,  while  on  the  fourth 
the  ancient  Meeting-house  keeps  quiet  watch  besides  the  graves 


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From  Jenkins:  Family  of  Wm.  Penn 

PLAN  OF  JORDANS  BURIAL-GROUND 


William  Penn  Memorial  63 

One  realizes  how  utterly  in  keeping  with  Penn's  Quaker  ideals 
this  sacred  spot  must  be :  the  very  spot  in  truth,  that  those  of  us  who 
love  and  admire  him  to-day  like  to  know  he  had  himself  chosen 
for  his  burying;  the  very  spot,  had  we  to  have  chosen  it  for  him, 
would  unhesitatingly  have  selected. 

Yet  how  un-English  this  burying-place  is.  How  contrary  to 
English  ideas  and  methods  as  shown  in  many  of  their  tributes  to 
their  great  and  mighty  dead!  How  they  flaunt  their  departed 
deadness  on  succeeding  generations :  vast  tombs,  gigantic  memorials, 
resounding  inscriptions,  the  pomps  and  vanities  of  the  world  marbled 
for  all  time!  The  shocking  horrors  of  Westminster  Abbey,  the 
less  numerous  memorials  of  St.  Paul's,  the  proud  monuments  of 
inconspicuous  people  everywhere  throughout  the  length  and  breadth 
of  Britain,  bespeak  a  national  vanity  in  death,  a  poor  piteous  notion 
as  if  mere  stones  could  of  themselves  bring  distinction  to  persons 
who  had  lived  all  their  lives  without  it. 

The  greatness  of  William  Penn  has  needed  no  marble  and 
bronze  for  its  recording;  it  has  required  no  lofty  monuments  nor 
spacious  shrines  for  the  setting  forth  of  his  deeds  and  his  accom- 
plishments. His  great  works  in  his  own  country  and  his  beloved 
Province  across  the  seas  will  live  while  history  remains;  he  needs 
no  monumented  emblem  to  perpetuate  either  his  name  or  his  memory. 
So  nothing  of  this  sort  is  at  Jordans;  and  yet  out  of  nothing  and 
with  nothing  one  of  the  most  impressive  burial-places  in  the  world 
has  been  created.  It  is  a  marvelous  lesson  in  accomplishment, 
because  no  end  was  sought  and  nothing  desired ;  yet  here  is  natural 
grandeur,  for  even  nature  seems  to  catch  its  breath  and  stand  silent 
around  this  sacred  field,  shutting  off  pomp  and  vanity  and  worldli- 
ness  and  self-conceit  and  self-assertion  and  vaingloriousness.  The 
peace  of  God  rests  upon  this  bit  of  land,  and  keeps  it. 

The  memorial  wreath  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  was  placed 
upon  the  grave  of  William  Penn  on  July  14.  It  is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  wreath  ever  placed  on  the  grave.  With  this  final  tribute 
the  Penn  Commemoration  came  to  an  end. 


A  PERSONAL  WORD 

In  concluding  this  Report  the  Secretary  may  be  permitted  a 
few  personal  words.  It  is,  perhaps,  not  fitting  that  one  identified 
with  every  stage  of  the  proceedings  should  be  expected  to  pass 
judgment  upon  matters  he  was  himself  concerned  with;  yet  it  is 
not  possible  to  close  these  pages  without  a  word  or  two  on  the  general 
conduct  of  the  Penn  Commemoration.  And  this  would  seem  the 
more  proper  since  all  the  exercises  were  dominated  by  the  command- 
ing personality  of  our  President,  Colonel  Thompson,  to  whose  splen- 
did generosity  it  was  alone  possible  to  give  them  the  unquestioned 
dignity  and  remarkable  success  every  incident  possessed. 

The  Society  could  not,  it  is  true,  well  have  chosen  a  more  incon- 
venient season.  Throughout  the  first  three  weeks  of  June  all 
England,  and  particularly  all  London,  was  engrossed  with  the  Coro- 
nation of  the  King;  and  for  the  succeeding  three  weeks  the  entire 
British  Empire  was  endeavouring  to  recover  from  the  colossal  effort 
put  forth  on  that  occasion.  Moreover,  British  political  affairs 
were,  throughout  this  entire  period,  in  a  critical  condition,  so  that 
the  thought  and  time  of  public  men  were  very  much  centred  upon 
matters  immediately  in  hand. 

Obviously  this  was  no  time  in  which  a  foreign  Society  should 
have  intruded  itself  upon  the  attention  of  the  British  public,  even 
if  the  occasion  of  its  intrusion  was  the  doing  of  an  honour  to  one 
of  Britain's  greatest  men.  Yet  from  the  very  beginning  of  the 
work  in  London  it  was  apparent  that  we  would  receive  not  only 
courteous,  but  interested  attention.  And  the  sequel  proved  this 
to  be  true  in  a  very  heartfelt  way.  Although  the  day  set  for  the 
Penn  Commemoration  was  also  that  chosen  for  the  Investiture  of 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  a  national  event  of  absorbing  interest,  the 
Society  commanded  the  attendance  of  a  distinguished  audience  at 
the  dedication  of  the  Memorial  in  Allhallows  Barking-by-the-Tower 
and  at  the  Exhibition  and  Tea  in  Devonshire  House,  while  Colonel 
Thompson's  invitations  to  Dinner  at  Stafford  House  were  accepted 
by  a  thoroughly  representative  company,  that  made  this  gathering 
a  function  of  the  first  rank.  These  would  have  been  achievements 
of  no  small  moment  under  ordinary  circumstances ;  they  amounted 
to  a  positive  triumph  under  the  actual  conditions. 


William  Penn  Memorial  65 

Notwithstanding  the  pressure  upon  their  space  the  London 
newspapers  treated  the  Commemoration  with  ample  fullness,  and 
the  Society's  collection  of  clippings  shows  wide  notice  and  a  real 
impression  of  interest.  The  fact  is,  there  appeared  to  be  something 
in  the  idea  of  the  Commemoration  that  appealed  to  the  English 
mind.  William  Penn  is  an  almost  forgotten  hero  to  the  Englishman 
of  the  day ;  yet  here  were  a  few  men  who  had  travelled  from  distant 
America  for  the  express  purpose  of  erecting  a  memorial  to  him, 
and  for  no  other  reason  than  profound  affection  for  the  man  they 
sought  to  honour!  Episodes  of  this  sort  do  not  occur  every  day, 
not  even  in  busy  London  where  so  many  things  happen,  and  the 
Pennsylvania  pilgrims  of  191 1  readily  attracted  the  attention  their 
pious  errand  warranted. 

As  for  the  exercises  as  a  whole,  they  undoubtedly  constituted 
the  most  notable  achievement  of  the  Society.  It  is  no  small  thing 
to  have  won  attention  in  so  crowded  a  community  as  London;  yet 
this  the  Society  accomplished  in  a  way  that  should  be  as  flattering 
to  its  membership  at  home  as  it  was  to  those  who  represented  it 
in  the  metropolis  of  the  world.  There  is  probably  no  busier  man  in 
London  than  the  Lord  Mayor;  yet  he  generously  gave  fully  half  a 
day  of  his  overcrowded  time  to  the  Penn  Commemoration,  coming, 
with  the  Lady  Mayoress,  to  the  Dedication,  the  Exhibition  and  the 
Tea,  and  again  honouring  the  Society  with  his  presence  at  the  Dinner 
in  the  evening.  It  is  one  of  the  great  regrets  of  the  Commemoration 
that,  his  time  being  limited  by  a  latter  engagement  of  which  we  did 
not  know,  he  was  compelled  to  withdraw  from  the  Dinner  before 
speaking  to  the  company  as  he  had  kindly  promised  to  do.  Summing 
up,  as  his  high  office  does,  the  whole  civic  state  of  London,  the 
participation  of  the  Lord  Mayor  in  our  exercises  was  a  matter  of 
universal  gratification. 

And  it  was  of  profound  historic  significance.  In  Penn's  famous 
trial  at  the  Old  Bailey,  that  trial  which  meant  so  much  for  the  integ- 
rity of  the  jury,  the  Lord  Mayor  of  the  year  was  one  of  his  judges. 
In  191 1  the  Lord  Mayor  left  nothing  undone  to  testify  to  his  own 
regard  for  Penn,  and  his  hearty  sympathy  with  those  engaged  in 
honouring  him.  Civic  London,  that  resorted  to  dishonest  practices 
to  bring  about  Penn's  imprisonment  in  his  own  day,  gladly  recog- 
nized his  worth  and  his  genius  in  our  own. 


66  William  Penn  Memorial 

Nor  should  the  interest  of  the  Penn  Family  in  the  Commemora- 
tion be  overlooked.  Special  pains  had  been  taken  to  invite  every 
descendant  of  Penn  to  the  dedication  exercises :  if  any  were  omitted 
they  may  be  assured  it  was  because  they  could  not  be  reached. 
But  the  representatives  of  the  Penns  and  their  families  made  a 
goodly  company  at  the  church,  probably  the  largest  gathering  of 
the  kind  that  has  ever  been  brought  about;  or  at  least  in  recent 
years.  The  few  words  spoken  at  the  Dinner  by  Lord  Ranfurly, 
which  so  obviously  came  from  his  heart,  surely  voiced  the  general 
feeling  of  the  Penns  concerning  the  Memorial  and  the  Society. 

Very  friendly,  also,  was  our  reception  by  the  officers  of  the 
Society  of  Friends  at  Devonshire  House.  This  was  a  source  of 
the  utmost  gratification.  Our  errand  seemed,  in  some  senses,  one 
that  might  well  have  been  received  with  coldness.  We  were  bent 
upK)n  accomplishing  an  act  that  seemed  both  contradictory  and 
impossible,  and  that  was  to  erect  a  memorial  to  one  of  the  chief  est 
of  the  Friends  in  a  church  belonging  to  the  Church  of  England! 
Herein  lay  the  real  uniqueness  of  the  whole  proceeding ;  for  nothing 
like  this  had  ever  been  done  before,  and  the  probabilities  are  that 
it  will  not  be  done  again.  But  no  courtesies  were  more  generously 
offered  us  than  by  the  Friends,  and  so  far  as  they  were  able  they 
co-operated  with  the  Society  in  a  very  complete  and  brotherly  way. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  Society  appeared  as  Pennsylvanians  and 
not  as  the  representative  of  any  religious  body.  That  William  Penn 
received  his  name  in  Allhallows  Barking-by-the-Tower  is  an  histori- 
cal fact  of  the  easiest  possible  demonstration.  Our  Memorial 
could  have  and  did  have  no  religious  signification.  It  was  a  tribute 
to  a  great  Quaker  by  non-Quakers. 

Even  in  a  Report  that  has  no  set  limits  it  is  not  possible  to  name 
every  one  who  furthered  the  plans  of  the  Society,  either  by  expres- 
sions of  interest  or  by  personal  effort.  Some  recognition  of  those 
who  may  be  particularly  signaled  out  in  this  respect  appears  else- 
where in  these  pages.  A  personal  word  of  thanks  for  personal 
consideration  is  the  most  that  can  be  oflFered  here. 

The  Society  was  extremely  fortunate  in  the  make-up  of  its 
Honorary  Committee.  The  American  members  were,  of  course, 
drawn  from  the  membership  of  the  Society  itself,  and  the  honour 


William  Penn  Memorial 


67 


of  these  name®  was  the  more  striking  because  of  this  fact.  In  Eng- 
land the  Committee  represented  interest  in  William  Penn  and  the 
ideals  for  which  he  stood,  and  the  list  was  more  than  a  representative 
one.  A  programme  carried  out  under  such  auspices  was  clearly 
calculated  to  command  attention,  and  quite  as  clearly  was  destined 
for  success. 

Under  the  heading  of  "Comment"  there  has  been  gathered  a 
selection  of  words  printed  and  written  that,  as  a  whole,  sums  up  the 
impression  made  upon  Englishmen  by  the  Penn  Commemoration 
and  The  Pennsylvania  Society.  These  kindly  words  have  been 
drawn  from  an  extensive  correspondence  showered  upon  our  Society 
and  its  officers  in  this  connection.  They  indicate,  in  a  very  fair 
manner,  the  reception  accorded  us  in  London. 


PROPRIETARY   SEAL   OF   WILLIAM    PENN 


COMMENTS  FROM  FRIENDS  AND 
THE  PRESS 

The  following  letters  and  extracts  from  letters  and  from  press 
notices  of  the  Penn  Commemoration,  from  papers  in  England  and 
America,  have  been  drawn  from  a  most  voluminous  correspondence 
and  from  a  multitude  of  newspaper  comments  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic  as  affording,  on  the  one  hand,  some  intimate  personal  views 
on  the  subject  of  this  Report,  and,  on  the  other,  as  depicting  in  a 
measure  the  general  interest  the  William  Penn  Memorial  has 
aroused : 

From  H.  S.  H.  Vice-Admiral  Prince  Louis  of  Battenberg : 

I  shall  be  in  the  North  Sea  engaged  in  Naval  manoeuvres.  No 
other  reason  could  keep  me  away  from  the  Pennsylvania  Dinner. 

From  the  Rt.  Hon.  and  Most  Reverend  the  Lord  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury : 

The  Archbishop  is  interested  to  hear  of  the  work  which  your 
Society  has  in  hand  and  especially  of  the  proposal  to  commemorate 
the  baptism  of  William  Penn  in  the  Church  of  AUhallows  Barking- 
by-the-Tower. 

He  will  be  glad  that  his  name  should  be  included  among  the 
members  of  the  Honorary  International  Committee. 

From  the  Rt.  Hon.  and  Rt.  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London : 

The  Bishop  of  London  desires  me  to  thank  you  for  your  letter 
of  May  the  19th,  and  to  say  in  reply  that  it  will  give  him  very  great 
pleasure  to  become  a  member  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society's  Eng- 
lish Committee  in  connection  with  the  William  Penn  Memorial. 

The  Bishop  would  suggest  that  you  should  ask  Dr.  Robinson 
kindly  to  prepare  a  special  prayer  to  be  used  at  the  dedication  of  the 
Memorial. 

From  the  Earl  of  Ranfurly : 

I  can  safely  say  that  the  Penn  descendants  thoroughly  appre- 
ciated everything. 


William  Penn  Memorial  69 

From  the  Lord  Desborough : 

I  am  most  obliged  to  The  Pennsylvania  Society  for  the  medal 
which  they  have  so  very  kindly  sent  me,  and  which  I  shall  always 
cherish  in  memory  of  a  most  interesting  and  agreeable  occasion. 

From  Admiral  The  Lord  Charles  Beresford : 

I  sincerely  congratulate  you  upon  the  splendid  success  of  your 
Penn  propaganda. 

From  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  T.  Vezey  Strong,  Lord  Mayor  of  London: 
I  was  very  glad  to  take  a  humble  part  in  some  of  these  festivals. 
Delighted  with  the  friendships  it  has  enabled  me  to  make. 

From  Sir  Percy  Sanderson : 

I  renew  my  thanks  for  the  privilege  of  attending  on  such  an 
interesting  occasion,  and  my  congratulations  on  the  success  of  the 
whole  undertaking. 

From  the  Hon.  Arthur  Capell : 

Pray,  forgive  me  for  having  allowed  a  single  day  to  pass  with- 
out writing  to  you  to  express  my  thanks  for  your  most  kind  and 
splendid  hospitality  last  Thursday.  That  evening  will  long  remain 
in  my  recollection  as  one  of  unique  and  abiding  interest. 

From  the  Venerable  Archdeacon  William  Cunningham,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
President  of  the  Royal  Historical  Society : 
I  desire,  on  behalf  of  the  members  of  this  Society,  to  convey 
to  you  our  very  hearty  thanks  for  the  beautiful  medal  which  is  an 
appropriate  record  of  the  Penn  Commemoration.  I  should  like,  at 
the  same  time,  to  give  my  personal  thanks  for  the  opportunity 
afforded  me  of  joining  in  the  proceedings,  which  interested  me 
greatly.  May  I  add  a  word  of  congratulation  on  the  admirable  man- 
ner in  which  the  celebration  had  been  planned,  and  the  success  with 
which  it  was  carried  out? 


70  William  Penn  Memorial 

From  Alexander  Barclay  Penn  Gaskell,  Esq. : 

I  have  a  very  pleasant  recollection  of  our  last  interview,  as  I 
then  had  the  opportunity  for  which  I  had  been  waiting  of  expressing 
to  you  and  through  you  to  Col.  Thompson,  your  President,  my  grati- 
tude for  the  kindness,  consideration  and  hospitality  which  he  had 
shown  to  me  and  all  the  members  of  my  family. 

I  recollect  also  having  on  that  occasion  made  one  or  two  obser- 
vations about  William  Penn  and  his  works;  but  the  observation 
which  I  think  you  have  in  mind  is  one  which,  perhaps,  ought  not  to 
have  been  made,  having  regard  to  the  fact  that  your  Society  had  just 
shown  in  a  liberal  and  generous  manner  its  great  appreciation  of  one 
of  my  ancestors  by  erecting  to  his  memory  a  magnificent  tablet, 
which,  in  addition  to  its  historical  interest  and  artistic  merits,  has 
engraved  upon  it  words  which  should  appeal  to  every  right-thinking 
man. 

The  observation  was  to  the  effect  that  I  did  not  consider  the 
founding  of  a  colony  which  was  afterwards  and  contrary  to  the  wish 
of  the  Founder,  named  Pennsylvania,  was  William  Penn's  greatest 
achievement.  I  looked  upon  it  rather  as  an  incident  in  the  career  of 
a  man  who,  with  remarkable  ability  and  relentless  determination 
and  regardless  of  the  persecution  and  ill  treatment  which  he  suffered 
at  the  hands  of  the  authorities,  devoted  the  best  years  of  his  life  in 
endeavouring  to  destroy  the  iniquitous  laws  then  in  force  which  had 
for  their  object  the  suppression  of  liberty  of  conscience  and  freedom 
of  speech ;  and  it  was  on  account  of  these  last-mentioned  efforts  that 
I  ventured  to  say  England  as  a  Nation  owed  William  Penn  an  ever- 
lasting debt  of  gratitude. 

I  should  like  to  add  another  observation,  which  is  that  I  think 
if  there  were  a  few  William  Penns  about  at  the  present  time  they 
would  find  plenty  of  useful  work  to  do  in  getting  rid  of  the  intoler- 
ance and  bigotry  which  still  play  an  important  part  in  some  of  the 
ancient  institutions  of  this  country. 

From  Thomas  Hardy,  O.M.,  LL.D. : 

I  regret  that  I  cannot  accept  the  invitation  of  the  President  of 
The  Pennsylvania  Society  of  New  York  to  the  dinner  on  July  13th 
with  which  I  am  honoured.    At  the  same  time  I  commend  the  pur- 


William  Penn  Memorial  71 

pose  of  the  dinner,  having  a  great  admiration  for  much  of  Penn's 
character  and  for  his  principles  and  ideals. 

From  Thomas  Hodgkin,  D.C.L. : 

Dr.  Hodgkin  greatly  regrets  that  he  cannot  have  the  pleasure 
of  accepting  Mr.  Robert  Means  Thompson's  kind  invitation  to 
the  Wiliiam  Penn  Memorial  dinner  on  the  13th  inst.  He  yields 
to  none  in  admiration  for  the  great  legislator  and  philanthropist. 

From  Thomas  Edmund  Harvey,  M.P. : 

No  better  memorial  of  Penn  can  there  be  than  in  the  effort  now 
being  made  to  bind  together  in  the  Union  of  Peace  which  President 
Taft  has  initiated,  the  two  great  kindred  nations  of  America  and 
Britain. 

From  Mr.  John  Howard  McFadden: 

I  think  last  evening  that  the  opportunity  did  not  present  itself 
sufficiently  for  me  to  express  my  delight  and  pleasure  at  the  great 
success  of  the  banquet  given  by  you  at  Stafford  House,  and  the 
unstinted  praise  of  everyone  that  I  met  would  please  you  very  much 
if  heard.  The  speaking  was  distinctly  above  the  average,  and  I  do 
not  think  your  selection  could  have  been  better  and  happier,  and 
with  such  environment  as  the  palatial  residence  of  the  Duke  of 
Sutherland,  could  not  be  equalled,  let  alone  surpassed.  One  of  the 
most  beautiful  episodes  of  the  whole  evening  was  your  introduction 
of  the  Duchess,  and  her  remarks  were  exceptionally  happy. 

From  Mr.  John  Murray,  F.S.A. : 

[This  letter  is  printed  as  conveying  an  expression  of  regret  at  an 
omission  on  the  part  of  the  guests  of  Colonel  Thompson 
which  seems  to  have  been  quite  general. — Editor.] 

Dear  Colonel  Thompson : 

I  failed  to  find  you  after  the  dinner  yesterday  evening,  but  I 

cannot  allow  this  morning  to  pass  without  offering  you  my  hearty 

thanks  for  the  honour  and  pleasure  of  being  present  on  a  truly 

memorable  occasion — Creta  notanda  dies. 


72  William  Penn  Memorial 

There  was  however  one  lamentable  and  unaccountable  omission. 
As  the  company  began  to  disperse,  and  as  no  one  else  had  done  so, 
I  was  on  the  point  of  proposing  the  health  of  the  Chairman,  who 
by  his  tact  and  eloquence  and  geniality  had  made  the  occasion  a 
great  sucess. 

But  I  was  one  of  the  few  obscure  guests,  and  I  hesitated  to 
interfere  with  the  arrangements.  I  spoke  to  two  or  three  dis- 
tinguished guests,  but  the  psychical  moment  had  passed. 

I  spoke  to  many  friends  before  leaving,  and  I  found  that  this 
one  idea  was  in  the  mind  and  heart  of  every  one  of  them.  Alas 
that  it  did  not  find  its  way  to  their  lips. 

I  hope  I  need  not  assure  you  that  this  cordial  and  grateful 
vote  of  thanks  although  not  formally  expressed  has — I  am  quite 
sure — been  recorded  in  the  memory  of  all  who  had  the  privilege  of 
being  present  last  night.  With  renewed  thanks  and  congratula- 
tions I  remain,  My  dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  truly, 

John   Murray. 
To  Colonel  Robert  M.  Thompson. 

From    Norman    Penney,    F.S.A.,    Librarian    Friends'    Reference 
Library,  Devonshire  House: 
The  whole  business  which  brought  you  over  to  this  country  will 
long  be  held  in  pleasant  remembrance. 

From  the  Rev.  Arthur  W.  Robinson,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Allhallows 
Barking-by-the-Tower : 
Permit  me  to  thank  you,  and  The  Pennsylvania  Society  through 
you,  most  heartily  for  the  very  beautiful  medal  which  you  have 
given  me.  I  shall  prize  it  greatly  as  a  memento  of  an  occasion  which 
has  been  full  of  interest  and  pleasure.  You  certainly  have  shown 
us  how  to  do  this  kind  of  thing  in  the  great  style  and  in  the  best 
possible  taste.  I  hope  that  you  will  return  to  the  States  with  the 
feeling  that  your  mission  has  been  accomplished  with  the  utmost 
success. 


William  Penn  Memorial  72> 

From  the  Very  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Strong,  Dean  of  Christ  Church 
College,  Oxford: 
(William  Penn  was  a  student  at  this  College.) 
I  thank  you  for  your  note  and  for  the  medal  which  has  been 
forwarded  to  me  here.    I  shall  have  pleasure  in  handing  them  over 
to  the  custody  of  our  Librarian,  who  is  also  keeper  of  our  coins 
and  medals.    I  am  glad  that  so  much  interest  is  taken  in  the  history 
of  William  Penn ;  his  name  has,  in  the  past,  been  too  much  neglected. 
I  hope  you  will  convey  to  your  Society  my  thanks  for  their  kind 
thought;  in  saying  this  I  am  sure  I  speak  for  all  my  colleagues  in 
the  Governing  Body  of  Christ  Church. 

From  Humphrey  Ward,  Esq. : 

The  dinner  v»^as  quite  one  of  the  ''events"  of  our  busy  season. 

From  Rear- Admiral  R.  M.  Watt,  U.S.N. : 

Rear-Admiral  Watt  very  much  regrets  that  his  departure  on 
the  1 2th  inst.  renders  it  impossible  to  accept  the  kind  invitation  of 
Colonel  R.  M.  Thompson  for  dinner  on  the  13th  inst.  Rear-Admiral 
Watt  finds  the  disappointment  particularly  acute,  as  he  is  a  loyal 
son  of  Pennsylvania,  and  would  delight  to  do  honour  to  the  memory 
of  William  Penn. 

Mr.  Clement  Shorter  in  The  Sphere  [London],  July  22: 

During  the  week  that  has  gone  we  have  been  celebrating  a 
great  man — William  Penn.  Had  I  not  forsworn  such  festivities  I 
should  like  to  have  attended  a  dinner  given  by  Mr.  Robert  Means 
Thompson,  to  which  I  had  the  privilege  of  being  invited,  on  July  13. 
Penn  has  always  interested  me.  I  am  familiar  alike  with  the  monu- 
ment to  him  in  his  own  city  of  Philadelphia  and  with  the  modest 
gravestone  at  Jordans  near  Beaconsfield.  It  interested  me  greatly 
to  belong  to  the  party  that  gathered  in  Allhallows  Barking-by-the 
Tower,  and  to  witness  the  dedication  of  a  memorial  to  Penn,  who 
belongs,  as  few  men  do,  alike  to  England  and  the  United  States  of 
America — to  the  whole  English-speaking  race. 

Certainly  the  scene  in  Allhallows  Church  near  the  Tower  of 
London  was  a  very  impressive  one.    In  this  church,  as  all  the  world 


74  William  Penn  Memorial 

knows,  William  Penn  was  baptized  in  the  year  1644.  The  services, 
including  an  anthem  and  a  charming  address  by  the  president  of 
The  Pennsylvania  Society,  Mr.  Robert  Means  Thompson,  was  all 
compressed  into  half  an  hour,  when  the  tablet  was  unveiled  with 
appropriate  words.  After  this  service  I  was  beguiled  by  my  friend. 
Professor  Silvanius  Thomipson,  to  Devonshire  House,  Bishops- 
gate,  where  there  was  an  exhibition  of  Penn  papers  and  documents. 
Professor  Thompson  belongs  to  the  Quaker  community.  Thus  it 
was  my  privilege  to  visit  the  great  meeting-house  of  the  Quakers 
in  Bishopsgate  for  the  first  time  under  peculiarly  interesting  auspices. 
Altogether  it  was  a  memorable  afternoon.  Many  and  valuable 
are  the  books  and  documents  in  the  custody  of  the  Friends  here. 


From  The  Evening  Standard  and  St.  James's  Gazette   [London], 
July  14: 

Take  ourselves  and  the  United  States.  We  are  realizing  our 
common  ties  and  associations  more  vividly  every  day.  All  credit  to 
the  public-spirited  and  sensible  people  on  both  sides  who  are  taking 
practical  steps  to  foster  this  sentiment.  Yesterday  many  distin- 
guished persons  in  London  were  engaged,  in  company  with  many 
eminent  citizens  of  the  United  States,  in  celebrating  the  memory  of 
William  Penn.  Col.  R.  M.  Thompson,  the  President  of  The  Pennsyl- 
vania Society,  to  whom  the  festival  was  due,  had  got  together  Lord 
Kitchener,  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  and  other  men  whose  words 
count  all  over  the  Anglo-Saxon  world;  and  in  the  magnificent 
saloons  of  the  noble  palace  which  the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Suther- 
land had  hospitably  placed  at  their  disposal,  there  was  much  talk  of 
England  and  America,  and  the  Quaker  statesman,  diplomatist, 
pioneer,  preacher,  who  ought  to  be  one  of  the  most  honoured  names 
in  the  records  of  both  countries.  An  eloquent  American,  Mr.  Beck, 
ex-Assistant  Attorney- General  of  the  United  States,  in  a  fine  oration, 
reminded  his  hearers  that  Penn  was  one  of  the  first  promoters  of 

International   Arbitration The    Penn    Commemoration 

is  one  useful  example  of  an  international  sentiment  bridging  the 
Atlantic,  just  as  our  constant  association  with  France  in  the  noble 
science  of  the  air  is  annihilating  the  Channel. 


William  Penn  Memorial  75 

From  the  London  Daily  Telegraphy  July  14 : 

Close  by  the  Tower  of  London,  in  the  very  heart  of  one  of  the 
busiest  districts  of  the  City,  there  is  a  quaint  old  church  known  as 
Allhallows  Barking.  It  is  surounded  by  all  that  is  modern,  yet 
it  retains  an  Old- World  charm.  It  is  irregular  in  construction  and 
grey  with  age,  yet  for  these  very  reasons,  is  restful  beyond  measure 
by  its  contrast  with  all  that  bounds  it.  It  has  associations,  too.  It 
appears  some  600  years  back  as  "one  of  the  advowsons  in  the  City 
of  London  belonging  to  the  Abbess  and  Convent  of  Barking,"  and 
enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  one  of  the  three  churches  in  which 
the  curfew  was  rung  as  a  signal  to  all  persons  to  get  to  their  homes. 
Not  far  from  here  Admiral  Sir  William  Penn  had  an  imposing 
mansion  on  Tower  Hill,  and  when  his  son,  William  Penn,  was  bom 
in  1644,  the  ceremony  of  baptism  was  performed  in  the  quaint  old 
church.  It  was  to  commemorate  this  fact  that  The  Pennsylvania 
Society  of  New  York  yesterday  unveiled  a  handsome  bronze  tablet  in 
the  church  itself,  with  every  token  of  reverence  for  the  memory  of 
the  famous  Quaker  colonist. 

From  the  London  Morning  Post,  July  14: 

Allhallows  Barking,  the  most  interesting  of  the  old  churches  of 
the  City  of  London  which  escaped  destruction  in  the  Great  Fire  of 
1666,  was  yesterday  the  scene  of  a  solemn  and  impressive  ceremony. 
The  Lord  Mayor,  attended  by  Sheriff  Buckingham  and  the  principal 
officers  of  the  City  Corporation,  drove  there  in  State  to  take  part 
in  the  unveilng  of  the  memorial  tablet  to  William  Penn,  which  was 
recently  sent  over  to  this  country  by  The  Pennsylvania  Society  of 
New  York.  There  was  a  short  service,  at  which  the  vicar.  Dr. 
A.  W.  Robinson,  officiated.  The  tablet  was  covered  by  the  Union 
Jack  and  the  flags  of  the  United  States  and  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
congregation  included  many  who  are  proud  to  claim  descent  from 
the  famous  Quaker  philanthropist. 

Thomas     Power     O'Connor,  M.P.     ["T.P."]     in  T.PJs  Weekly, 
[London],  July  21 : 
Thursday,  July  13,  was  a  red-letter  day  in  the  annals  of  Quaker- 
ism.    Under  every  circumstances  of  honour  and  Anglo-American 


76  William  Penn  Memorial 

cordiality,  a  tablet  bearing  the  above  inscription  was  unveiled  in 
the  Church  of  Allhallows  Barking.  The  old  red-brick  tower  of  this 
church  rises  at  the  east  end  of  Great  Tower  Street.  .  .  .  The  solemn 
placing  of  a  memorial  of  Penn  in  the  old  City  Church  which  he 
knew  so  well  as  a  boy,  in  the  presence  of  a  great  and  distinguished 
company  of  Englishmen  and  Americans,  is  an  event  of  singular 
felicity. 

From  The  British  Congregationalist  [London],  July  20: 

The  fine  old  church  of  Allhallows  Barking,  near  the  Tower  of 
London,  was  the  scene  of  an  interesting  ceremony  on  Thursday 
afternoon,  when  a  mural  tablet  to  the  memory  of  the  famous  Quaker, 
William  Penn,  was  unveiled.  The  tablet,  which  is  of  bronze,  has 
been  erected  by  The  Pennsylvania  Society  of  New  York.  It  was 
covered  by  the  rich  blue  flag  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and 
flanked  by  the  Union  Jack  and  the  flag  of  the  United  States. 

The  unveiling  ceremony  was  preceded  by  a  brief  religious  ser- 
vice, conducted  by  the  vicar  of  the  parish  (Dr.  A.  W.  Robinson). 
As  one  listened  to  the  singing  of  the  surpliced  choir,  observed  the 
stately  ritual,  and  looked  around  at  the  gorgeous  robes  of  the  Lord 
Mayor  and  Sheriff,  the  ''storied  windows  richly  light"  and  the  monu- 
ments of  the  ancient  dead  which  adorn  the  walls  of  the  grand  old 
church,  one's  thoughts  went  to  the  quaint  and  simple  little  Meeting- 
house at  Jordans,  among  the  Buckinghamshire  hills,  in  the  burial- 
ground  of  which  rest  the  remains  of  the  great  man  whose  memory 
we  were  met  to  honour.  It  was  fitting  that  a  memorial  should  be 
placed  in  the  parish  of  his  birth,  yet  there  seems  to  be  something  a 
little  incongruous  in  the  "pomp  and  circumstance"  attending  the 
ceremony,  so  utterly  unlike  anything  associated  with  the  Society 
of  Friends. 

From  the  City  of  London  Observer j  July  15 : 

Another  strong  strand  was  added  to  the  cord  that  unites  the 
English  and  American  peoples  by  the  picturesque  and  impressive 
ceremony  at  Allhallows  Barking  on  Thursday  afternoon,  when  the 
beautiful  memorial  tablet  to  William  Penn  was  unveiled  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  and  distinguished  gathering. 


William  Penn  Memorial  77 

Mr.  H.  Wilson  Harris  in  The  Daily  News  [London],  July  12: 

The  motives  underlying  the  tribute  are  what  matters,  and  it 
serves  to  show  how  much  greater  is  the  honour  paid  to  Penn's 
memory  by  the  country  of  his  temporary  adoption  than  by  that  of 
his  birth. 

From  the  Manchester  Courier,  July  14 : 

At  a  time  signalized  by  the  closer  union  between  this  country 
and  the  United  States,  it  is  appropriate  to  find  representatives  of 
both  nations  joining  to  celebrate  the  memory  of  one  who  was  both 
a  great  Englishman  and  a  great  American,  and  who  carried  from 
the  country  of  his  birth  to  the  land  of  his  adoption  many  of  the 
qualities  which  had  raised  the  Mother  Country  to  power,  and  were 
destined  to  bring  her  offspring  to  a  high  position  of  honour  and 
worth  among  the  nations  of  the  world.  William  Penn's  character 
united  many  of  the  good  qualities  of  the  two  nations.  His  integrity 
and  honesty  were  complete,  even  to  a  certain  obstinacy  of  character 
into  which  such  qualities  may  at  times  develop.  His  fearlessness 
in  facing  odds  and  a  certain  daring  in  enterprise  that  characterizes 
the  Anglo-Saon  race,  made  him  a  great  instrument  for  good  both 
for  this  country  and  for  the  Western  Hemisphere.  Englishmen  and 
Americans  alike  can  look  back  on  a  temperament  so  compounded 
and  recognize  with  satisfaction  the  qualities  that  have  made  both 
nations  great. 

From  the  Philadelphia  Inquirer,  July  13: 

To-night  The  Pennsylvania  Society  of  New  York  will  give  a 
dinner  at  Stafford  House,  London,  to  celebrate  the  erection  of  a 
tablet  to  the  honour  of  William  Penn  in  the  Church  of  Allhallows, 
with  which  the  memory  of  the  Founder  of  Pennsylvania  is  connected. 
This  dinner  is  held  in  a  magnificent  private  mansion  through  the 
courtesy  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  who  thus  expresses  his  kindly 
feelings  toward  America.  The  tablet  is  a  fine  piece  of  art,  simple  in 
design,  on  which  is  an  appropriate  tribute  to  William  Penn. 

Philadelphia  is  the  more  interested  in  this  event  because  of  the 
extraordinary  vigour  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  of  New  York, 
which  is  the  largest  organization  of  its  kind  in  the  country.    It  has 


78  William  Penn  Memorial 

1400  members,  although  only  twelve  years  old,  and  its  annual 
dinners  are  the  finest  functions  of  the  sort  held  in  Gotham.  Last 
winter  President  Taft  was  chief  guest  and  he  remarked  that  it  was 
the  finest  dinner  he  ever  had  attended,  which  may  easily  be  believed, 
as  the  guests  numbered  almost  two  thousand. 

This  society  issues  each  year  a  volume  which,  in  addition  to 
being  an  ordinary  club-book,  is  also  an  addition  to  the  history  of 
the  Keystone  State.  This  year's  issue  is  just  at  hand  and  is  an 
unusually  interesting  work,  not  only  because  of  its  text,  but  for  the 
reproductions  of  historical  pictures  which  it  contains.  It  is  grati- 
fying that  the  Society  can  muster  enough  members  in  London  to 
hold  a  large  dinner  at  which  many  conspicuous  Britons  are  to  be 
present.  One  could  only  wish  that  Pennsylvanians  still  within  our 
borders  could  have  accomplished  such  a  delightful  affair  instead 
of  leaving  it  to  those  who  have  exiled  themselves  to  Gotham  for 
the  sake  of  loaves  and  fishes. 

It  is,  however,  another  example  of  the  work  which  Pennsyl- 
vanians are  doing  everywhere  throughout  the  country.  Nothing 
in  civics  is  finer  than  the  loyalty  of  all  Pennsylvanians  to  the  Key- 
stone State  no  matter  where  they  may  be  foregathered.  William 
Penn  builded  much  wiser  than  he  knew  when  he  founded  his  com- 
monwealth in  the  woods,  and  one  can  but  wish  that  his  shade  may 
be  present  at  the  festivities  to-night,  where  he  could  see  little  that 
reminds  him  of  Quakerism,  but  much  that  would  rejoice  his  heart. 
Few  men  have  left  such  monuments,  and  the  tablet  unveiled  in  the 
London  parish  church  is  simply  a  symbol  of  a  widespread  fealty 
to  a  remarkable  man. 

From  The  Philadelphia  Record,  July  14: 

The  unveiling  of  a  tablet  in  the  church  in  which  William  Penn 
was  baptized  was  a  fitting  occasion  for  a  banquet  in  London  and  a 
luncheon  in  this  city  in  honour  of  the  Founder.  The  more  Penn's 
life  is  studied  and  the  more  his  admiration  of  his  province  is  con- 
trasted with  the  careers  of  most  of  the  North  American  colonies, 
the  greater  must  be  the  appreciation  of  Penn's  statesmanship  and 
of  his  success  in  the  effort  to  apply  the  principles  of  the  Christian 
religion  to  the  control  of  human  society.    William  Penn  was  so  far 


w 


William  Penn  Memorial  79 

in  advance  of  his  age  that  in  many  respects  the  world  has  not  yet 
caught  up  with  him. 

From  the  Troy  [N.  Y.]  Evening  Record,  July  14: 

Through  the  activity  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  a  memorial 
tablet  to  William  Penn  was  unveiled  yesterday  in  the  Church  of 
Allhallows  Barking-by-the-Tower,  England.  It  was  there  that  the 
Proprietary,  Founder  and  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  was  baptized 
on  October  2;^,  1644.  England  has  been  slow  to  recognize  the  noble 
qualities  of  the  man  who  brought  lands  into  a  colony  which  has 
become  a  great  Commonwealth.  What  he  did  for  his  native  land 
has  been  largely  overlooked.  Now  that  a  memorial  has  been  placed 
in  Allhallows  by  Americans,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  England  will 
soon  erect  a  monument  which  will  call  to  the  minds  of  the  people  on 
the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  his  great  worth  as  a  benefactor. 

From  The  Telescope,  Dayton,  Ohio,  July  19: 

There  was  a  special  fitness  in  the  unveiling  of  a  memorial 
tablet  to  William  Penn  in  the  Church  of  Allhallows  Barking,  London, 
July  13.  In  it  the  Proprietary,  Founder  and  Governor  of  Pensyl- 
vania  was  baptized  on  October  23,  1644.  William  Penn  will  survive 
in  history  as  a  man  devoted  to  the  arts  of  peace,  preaching  the 
gospel  of  non-resistance  as  well  as  non-combativeness,  and  practic- 
ing honesty  in  his  dealings  with  the  Indians.  While  the  United 
States  and  England  are  bringing  an  arbitration  agreement  to  its 
signatory  stage,  the  honour  to  William  Penn,  who  linked  these  two 
countries  together  in  a  peculiar  way  and  with  stronger  bonds  of 
peace  than  any  other  man,  will  smooth  the  pathway  for  the  present 
peace  negotiations. 


The  FRAME  of  the 

GOVERNMENT 

OF  THE 

^^oWwe  of  3|pettttfttuatite 
AM  E  R I C  A  = 

Together  with  certain 

LAWS 

Agreed  upon  in  England 

BY    T H R 

GOVERNOUR 

AND 

Divers  FREE-MEN  of  die  aforefaid 
■PROVINCE. 

Tobe  further  Explained  and  Confirmed  there  by  the  firft 

Trovincial  Council SLad  (jeneral  Ajfembly  that  (hall 

be  held,   if  they  fee  meet. 


Printed  in  the  Year  M  DG  LXXXIL 

FACSIMILE   OF  TITLE-PAGE   OF   PENN's    "'fRAME   OF   GOVERNMENT/'    1682. 


CITIZEN   WILLIAM   PENN 

BY 

The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  T.  Vezey  Strong^  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 

The  noblest  ideal  of  citizenship  is  service.  It  was  to  a  great 
servant  of  God  that  the  Memorial  to  William  Penn  was  dedicated 
in  the  church  where  he  was  baptized — the  ancient  church  of  Allhal- 
lows  Barking,  in  the  City  of  London.  And  because  it  is  only  by 
service  to  the  human  brotherhood  that  anyone  can,  in  this  world, 
render  real  service  to  God,  it  was  placed  upon  record  that  William 
Penn  was  an  "Exemplar  of  brotherhood  and  peace." 

An  international  commemoration  of  the  baptism  of  a  great 
citizen  is,  I  venture  to  think,  unique.  The  time  of  birth,  some  strik- 
ing event  in  the  life,  or  the  death,  are  the  periods  generally  chosen 
for  commemoration.  Departure  from  this  rule  in  the  case  of 
William  Penn  seems  to  have  been  prompted  by  singular  delicacy 
of  judgment  or  an  instinct  for  the  fitness  of  things.  It  directs  our 
thought  at  once  to  the  two  essential  features  of  interest  in  his  life, 
and  its  lessons  for  all  time — that  is  to  say,  to  his  own  early  history, 
and  the  early  history  of  that  noble  system  of  Christian  government 
which  he  founded. 

Thus  naturally  and  vividly  does  the  commemoration  of  Penn's 
baptism  make  its  appeal  to  the  thoughts  which  group  themselves 
around  the  lives  of  the  young  generation  now  growing  up,  and  to 
the  minds  of  the  political,  the  religious,  and  the  social  leaders  now 
entering  upon  a  new  era  in  the  national  life. 

Baptism — the  formal  act  of  dedication  to  the  service  of  God — 
assuredly  formed  a  fitting  entrance  to  the  life  into  which  William 
Penn  was  born.  A  period  torn  by  the  ravages  of  civil  war,  the  life 
of  the  people  in  the  towns  wasted  by  disease  and  steeped  in  destitu- 
tion. Never  could  there  have  been  an  age  making  greater  demands 
on  faith  in  Divine  Providence,  or  imposing  stronger  tests  of  moral 
character. 

Whatever  creedal  difficulties  may  have  attached  themselves  to 
questions  concerning  the  value  and  significance  of  infant  baptism. 


82  William  Penn  Memorial 

there  can  be  no  room  for  doubt  as  to  the  sacred  character  of  the 
obHgations  it  imposes  upon  the  parents  or  sponsors  for  the  rightful 
training  of  the  young.  At  the  period  of  Penn's  birth,  the  influence 
of  baptism  was  deep  and  real.  The  solemn  duty  enjoined  at  the 
religious  ceremony  to  bring  the  child  up  "in  the  fear  of  God  and 
Christian  faith"  was  translated  into  every  obligation  imposed  alike 
upon  parents  and  every  one  employing  or  having  the  guardianship 
(in  any  capacity)  of  any  child  or  young  person.  By  every  institu- 
tion of  law,  and  every  enactment  of  civic  authority,  provision  was 
made  for  the  observance  and  enforcement  of  all  the  reciprocal  duties 
of  parent  and  child.  Penalties  heavy  and  cumulative  were  enforce- 
able against  parents  and  the  guardians  of  the  young  if  they  failed 
to  have  them  taught  ''the  Creed,  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  the  Ten 
Commandments  in  the  vulgar  tongue,"  and  brought  up  "to  lead  a 
Godly  and  Christian  life." 

Reared  in  the  atmosphere  of  practical  piety,  common  to  the 
youth  of  the  period,  in  a  home  to  which  the  father's  habits  of  naval 
discipline  lent  a  measure  of  strictness,  William  Penn's  character 
received  its  early  moulding — a  moulding  according  so  well  with  the 
natural  qualities  of  his  mind  and  disposition  as  to  enable  him  to 
resist  the  allurement  of  a  life  of  ease  after  his  schooldays  in  France 
and  the  manifold  temptations  of  the  dissolute  courts  of  Charles  II. 
and  Louis  XIV.,  and  apply  himself  in  the  spirit  of  self-sacrificing 
devotion  to  espouse  the  cause  of  that  religious  and  social  freedom 
which  has  since  become  the  most  precious  possession  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race. 

In  an  age  of  scheming,  blustering,  compulsion  and  filibustering 
in  national  politics;  Intolerance  on  the  part  of  the  dominant  party 
for  the  time  being:  The  Church  and  the  Puritans  equally  without 
idea  of  Christian  charity — young  Penn  grew  up  among  it  all — and 
yet  above  it  all. 

Thus  the  age  in  which  he  lived  seems  to  have  moulded  his  inner 
life  and  influenced  it  by  the  sheer  force  of  contrasts  with  his  own 
ideals. 

To  the  prevailing  intolerance  of  the  age,  we  find  him  boldly 
asserting  that  "men's  opinions  must  be  reached  by  reason,  not  by 
force,"  and  again  declaring  that  the  idea  "that  men  should  not  be 


William  Penn  Memorial  83 

free  to  act,  drink,  sleep,  walk,  trade  and  think  because  they  differ 
as  to  things  which  belong  to  a  future  life,  is  dangerous  and  absurd." 

His  saying  that  "neither  great  things  nor  good  things  ever 
were  attained  without  love  and  hardship"  illumines  the  whole  his- 
tory of  his  life.  The  unswerving  nature  of  his  love  for  his  great 
ideals,  religious,  social  and  political  freedom,  found  fuller  expres- 
sion and  stronger  emphasis  as  his  labours  and  his  suffering  for 
conscience  sake  multiplied. 

Penn  was  born  on  Tower  Hill,  and  it  requires  no  great  stretch 
of  the  imagination  to  picture  him  as  a  boy — with  a  boy's  sense  of 
justice,  honour  and  truth — looking  upon  the  grey  walls  of  the  old 
fortress,  reading  and  hearing  the  history  of  its  prisoners — and 
resolving,  as  boys  do,  that  he  would  in  the  years  to  come  show  to 
the  world  a  wiser  and  a  better  way. 

If  we  can  know  who  are  the  heroes  of  the  boy,  we  can  predict 
something  of  the  future  of  the  man.  Penn's  great  hero  was  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  and  some  of  the  commanding  strength  and  deep 
religious  conviction  of  that  illustrious  prisoner  seems  to  have  come 
into  the  boy's  life — for,  when  he  himself,  some  years  afterwards, 
in  defence  of  freedom  of  conscience,  was  a  prisoner  in  the  Tower, 
kept  without  trial  for  seven  months,  we  find  him  writing  his  immor- 
tal book,  "No  Cross,  No  Crown.'^  In  this  work,  he  refers  to  the 
letter  written  by  Raleigh  to  his  wife  after  his  condemnation  to 
death,  and  commends  it  in  these  memorable  words : 

"Behold  wisdom,  resolution,  nature  and  grace. 
How  strong  in  argument,  wise  in  counsel,  firm,  affec- 
tionate, and  devout !  O  that  your  heroes  and  politicians 
would  make  him  their  example  in  his  death,  as  well  as 
magnify  the  great  actions  of  his  life." 

How  aptly  might  these  words  be  applied  to  Penn  himself. 

Being  sent  by  his  father,  Admiral  Penn,  to  take  charge  of  his 
Irish  estates,  he  heard  a  sermon  preached  by  a  Friend,  Thomas 
Loe,  whom  he  had  met  at  his  father's  home  when  he  was  a  boy. 
The  text  was,  "There  is  a  faith  which  overcometh  the  world,  and 
there  is  a  faith  which  is  overcome  by  the  world." 


84  William  Penn  Memorial 

This  sermon  made  a  deep  impression  upon  the  young  man,  and, 
a  little  later,  to  his  father's  displeasure,  he  joined  the  Society  of 
Friends. 

One  day,  meeting  George  Fox,  William  Penn  asked  him 
whether  it  was  right  to  wear  a  sword.  George  Fox  replied :  "Wear 
it  as  long  as  thou  canst." 

Not  long  afterwards  they  met  again,  and  George  Fox  asked: 
"Where  is  thy  sword?"  Penn  replied:  "Oh!  I  have  taken  thy 
advice;  I  wore  it  as  long  as  I  could."  Thus,  against  all  the  cus- 
toms of  his  time,  he  uncompromisingly  took  his  stand  with  the 
Society  of  Friends. 

Is  it  sufficiently  recognised  in  these  days  that  the  very  term 
"Quakers" — given  in  derision  in  1650  by  Justice  Bennett  of  Derby, 
because  Fox  urged  his  followers  to  "quake"  at  the  word  of  God — 
was  really  a  title  of  greatest  dignity,  for  its  expression  of  the  injunc- 
tion to  "Fear  God,"  which  is  found  not  only  in  the  Bible,  but  in 
the  ancient  documents  and  the  mottoes  of  our  civic  institutions,  and, 
moreover,  found  in  the  ceremonial  services  of  the  late  Coronation. 

Long  before  taking  up  his  position  in  the  new  world,  Penn 
was  a  great  and  meritorious  citizen  of  this  City  of  London.  Great, 
because  he  was  upright  and  God-fearing;  meritorious,  because,  in 
the  sacred  cause  of  liberty  and  justice,  he  bravely,  though  peace- 
ably, fought  and  courageously  suffered  incarceration  in  London 
prisons — Newgate,  the  Tower,  and  the  Fleet. 

Born  to  the  profession  of  arms,  Penn  early  realised  the  simple 
fact  which  mankind  is  only  now  beginning  to  learn — that  one  cannot 
serve  one's  brother  by  slaying  him.  Quietly,  therefore,  laying  aside 
his  sword,  he  armed  himself  with  love  and  trust  in  his  fellow-man, 
and  went  forth  to  conquer. 

His  early  associations  were  with  the  City  of  London ;  he  left  it 
to  found  a  great  City  and  a  great  State  across  the  sea,  for  that 
his  memory  has  become  the  imperishable  treasure  of  the  human 
race.  The  wisdom  of  the  great  experiment  which  he  dared  to  try 
is  just  beginning  to  be  perceived.  Is  not  the  Treaty  of  Arbitration 
between  the  two  countries  he  loved  so  well  the  fitting  climax  of  that 
noble  compact  which  William  Penn  made  with  the  Indian  chiefs 
when,  standing  beneath  the  elm  tree  at  Shackamaxon,  he  said : 


William  Penn  Memorial  85 

"The  Great  Spirit  rules  in  the  Heavens  and  the 
Earth :  He  knows  the  innermost  thoughts  of  men ;  He 
knows  that  we  have  come  here  with  a  hearty  desire 
to  live  with  you  in  peace.  We  must  use  no  hostile 
weapons  against  our  enemies ;  good  faith  and  good  will 
towards  men  are  our  defences.  We  believe  you  will 
deal  kindly  and  justly  by  us,  as  we  will  deal  kindly 
and  justly  by  you.  We  meet  on  the  broad  pathway  of 
good  faith  and  good  will ;  no  advantage  shall  be  taken 
on  either  side,  but  all  shall  be  openness  and  love." 

Then  he  read  them  this  treaty : 

"We  will  be  brethren,  my  people  and  your  people, 
as  the  children  of  One  Father.  All  the  paths  shall  be 
open  to  the  Christian  and  the  Indian.  The  doors  of  the 
Christian  shall  be  open  to  the  Indian,  and  the  wigwams 
of  the  Indian  shall  be  open  to  the  Christian." 

The  final  pledge  was: 

"We  will  transmit  this  league  between  us  to  our 
children.  It  shall  be  made  stronger  and  stronger, 
and  be  kept  bright  and  clean,  without  rust  or  spot, 
between  our  children  and  our  children's  children, 
while  the  creeks  and  rivers  run,  and  while  the  sun, 
moon,  and  stars  endure." 

Words  like  these  can  never  die.  They  live  and  grow  and 
increase  in  power  for  good  as  the  centuries  roll  by.  Their  echo 
is  heard  to-day  in  the  appeal  of  the  great  President  of  a  great 
people  to  the  brotherhood  of  nations;  for,  speaking  in  Indiana  the 
other  day  upon  the  history  of  the  United  States'  invitation  to 
England,  France  and  Germany  to  make  a  treaty  for  the  arbitrament 
of  all  differences  of  an  international  character.  President  Taft  said : 

"I  look  upon  a  treaty  of  this  sort  as  a  self-denying 
ordinance  or  self-restricting  obligation.  A  willingness 
of  great  countries  like  England,  France,  Germany  and 


86  William  Penn  Memorial 

the  United  States  to  submit  all  their  differences,  even 
of  honour,  to  an  impartial  tribunal,  will  be  a  step  for- 
ward in  the  cause  of  the  peace  of  the  world,  which  can 
hardly  be  overestimated." 

Penn's  definition  of  the  word  "honour"  is  expressed  in  a  single 
incident  of  his  life : 

When  a  young  man,  while  in  Paris,  a  man  attacked  him  for 
an  imagined  affront.  Penn,  being  armed,  as  was  the  fashion  of 
the  day,  defended  himself.  He  overcame  his  assailant.  When  he 
had  the  man  at  his  mercy,  he  let  him  go — without  injury. 

In  referring  to  this  incident,  years  afterwards,  he  said :  "What 
envy,  quarrels  and  mischief  have  happened  among  private  persons 
upon  their  conceit  that  they  have  not  been  respected  in  some  small 
matter. 

"Suppose  he  had  killed  me,"  said  Penn ;  "or  I,  in  my  defence, 
had  killed  him.  I  ask  any  man  of  understanding  or  conscience  if 
the  whole  round  of  ceremony  were  worth  the  life  of  a  man,  consid- 
ering the  dignity  of  his  nature  and  the  importance  of  his  life  with 
respect  to  God,  his  Creator,  himself,  and  the  benefit  of  civil  society  ?" 

Very  significant  is  this  incident,  not  only  for  the  evidence  it 
affords  of  Penn's  personal  courage  and  the  magnanimity  of  his 
nature,  but  because  his  reflections  upon  it  reveal  the  reality  and 
the  depth  of  his  conviction  of  the  divine  nature  of  man  and  his 
exalted  place  in  the  onward  movement  of  the  world. 

If  a  test  of  spiritual  agreement  and  the  solidarity  of  the  moral 
sentiments  of  the  British  and  American  people  were  required,  it 
might  be  best  supplied  by  the  evidence  which  everywhere  abounds 
of  their  reverence  for  high  ideals,  held  in  common. 

The  commemoration  of  Penn's  baptism,  initiated  in  America, 
re-echoes  the  tribute  paid  by  the  people  of  both  nations  this  year 
at  the  Tercentenary  of  the  publication  of  the  Bible  in  the  mother 
tongue. 

The  social  institutions  of  both  countries  are  founded  on  the 
same  primary  conceptions  of  the  nature  of  man's  being,  his  needs 
and  his  duties. 

The  world  of  to-day  is,  in  many  of  its  aspects,  the  world  of 


William  Penn  Memorial  87 

Penn's  ideal;  the  world  which  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  have  seen  in 
vision,  and  for  which  they  have  laboured  more  or  less  consciously 
and  travailed  in  spirit  until  now.  A  world  in  which  the  reason  and 
the  sympathies  of  the  people  have  freer  course,  and,  practically,  if 
not  absolutely,  determine  the  peaceful  policy  of  the  civilised  nations. 
Wars  of  aggression  and  of  conquest  have  become  repugnant  to 
the  popular  conscience.  The  principle  of  peace  is  the  paramount 
principle  of  the  national  policy  and  of  international  relations. 

Penn's  conception  of  a  City  of  brotherly  love,  of  which  the 
first  example  was  founded  by  him  on  the  North  American  conti- 
nent, has  become  the  common — if  dimly  apprehended  and  imperfect 
— conception  of  the  leaders  of  social  movements  and  the  promoters 
of  social  legislation  throughout  the  British  Empire  and  the  United 
States  of  America. 

Since  his  day  the  world  has  been  growing  better  prepared  for 
the  adoption  of  his  teaching  and  for  applying  it  on  a  universal 
scale.  The  victory  for  freedom  of  conscience  has  been  won,  the 
sacredness  of  human  life  and  the  liberty  of  the  subject  before  the 
law  have  been  vindicated;  the  law  itself  has  been  humanised  and 
awakened  to  fuller  recognition  of  the  rights  of  man  in  a  state  of 
community. 

The  development  of  the  individual,  of  the  family,  of  the  state 
and  of  the  great  human  brotherhood  are  embraced  in  Penn's  teach- 
ing and  illustrated  in  his  experience.  History  affords  no  more 
practical  example  of  the  association  of  faith  and  works  in  the 
great  affairs  of  life  than  the  history  of  William  Penn  furnishes. 

Penn's  all-absorbing  passion  for  freedom  of  conscience  and  for 
political  and  social  freedom  never  swerved  towards  license,  the 
restraining  reverence  for  law,  human  and  divine,  preserved  every- 
where the  balance  alike  of  his  thought  and  action.  The  crystal 
of  the  history  of  Penn's  life  and  work  is  formed  by  this  affinity  of 
law  and  liberty — this  realised  conception  of  legalised  freedom 
with  the  personal  responsibility  of  God  and  man  which  that  freedom 
involves. 

Here  lies  the  supreme  claim  which  William  Penn  has  upon 
our  appreciation.  Here  we  may  read  the  chief  lesson  of  his  life, 
and  here  we  may  pause  to  offer  the  best  tribute  to  its  teaching  by 


38  William  Penn  Memorial 

determining  to  adapt  that  lesson  to  our  own  needs  and  the  needs 
of  our  time. 

The  memory  of  William  Penn  may  well  engage  the  thoughts 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  at  this  period  of  its  history,  when,  alas! 
there  are  but  too  many  reasons  to  fear  that  the  peace  and  prosperity 
so  long  enjoyed,  the  vast  and  varied  increase  in  the  comforts  and 
conveniences  of  physical  life  have  tended  to  deaden  the  sense  of 
dependence  on  an  over-ruling  Providence,  to  relax  the  ties  of  spir- 
itual religion  and  to  weaken  the  sense  of  individual  responsibility 
in  the  affairs  of  private  life,  as  well  as  in  the  sphere  of  public  duty. 
The  freedom  of  spiritual  religion  from  creedal  restraint  is  dearly 
purchased  if  it  tend  to  irreligion;  freedom  of  conscience  becomes 
a  curse  if  it  licenses  immorality;  the  acquisition  of  legal  rights 
confers  no  blessing  if  they  be  used  to  work  legal  wrong  to  a  fellow- 
man  or  the  community.  If  the  tolerance  for  which  Penn  strove 
and  suffered  has  grown,  and  the  less  dogmatic  tone  now  prevails, 
has  strength  or  conviction  maintained  its  place? 

In  the  easy  flow  of  modern  life — at  the  supreme  moment  of 
need  for  a  great  decision,  is  the  leadership  found  of  men  like  Penn 
and  Fox?  Does  the  name  of  a  man  suggest  itself  who  would,  in 
the  stress  of  a  present-day  political  crisis,  quit  himself  as  Penn  did 
when  he  not  only  defended  himself,  but  defended  also,  with  infinitely 
greater  effort,  the  sanctity  of  British  justice,  in  the  celebrated  trial 
at  the  Old  Bailey?  And  who,  when  cast  into  prison  in  the  Tower, 
and  told  that  he  must  either  recant  or  die  in  captivity,  resolutely 
replied:  "My  prison  shall  be  my  grave  before  I  will  budge  a  jot, 
for"  I  owe  obedience  of  my  conscience  to  no  mortal  man." 

Words  like  these  now  strike  strangely  on  the  ear.  Yet  they 
fire  the  imagination  and  cause  deep  searchings  of  the  heart.  In 
his  reflections,  as  well  as  in  his  striving  for  practical  objects,  and 
for  the  guidance  of  himself  and  others  in  the  common  affairs  of 
life,  Penn's  appeal  is  ever  to  the  conscience,  and  his  sturdy  faith 
is  in  the  infallibility  of  its  dictates. 

His  scheme  of  government  and  the  foundation  of  his  plans 
of  administration  were  alike  based  on  this  faith  in  the  existence 
and  the  exercise  of  conscience  in  his  fellow-man.  Lofty  as  were 
Penn's  conceptions  of  communal  life,  he  indulged  in  no  speculations 


William  Penn  Memorial  89 

as  to  their  realization,  except  by  the  working  of  the  individual 
conscience. 

His  ideals  could  never  be  realized  by  separate  political  and 
priestly  groups,  the  interests  of  the  political  group  being  mainly 
material,  and  those  of  the  priestly  group  mainly  spiritual.  The  idea 
of  division  between  things  secular  and  things  sacred  had  no  place 
in  Penn's  philosophy.  In  Penn's  rule  of  life,  conscience  and  con- 
duct were  inseparable  as  cause  and  effect — what  the  conscience  dic- 
tated, that  the  conduct  expressed. 

In  an  age  of  idealism  that  admits  the  notion  of  group-conflict 
and  group-co-operation  in  things  temporal  as  well  as  in  things 
spiritual,  the  sense  of  individual  responsibilty  is  emasculated  where 
it  is  not  indeed  altogether  eliminated,  and  the  appeal  which  Penn 
makes  to  conscience  sounds  unfamiliar  and  out  of  harmony  with 
the  spirit  of  the  times  in  which  the  fashion  is  to  consider  morality 
in  the  abstract  rather  than  in  the  concrete.  An  age  in  which  the 
creation  of  organisations  of  parties  for  religious,  social  and  political 
purposes  tends  to  merge  the  individual  conscience  into  the  corporate 
policy.  An  age  in  which  it  is  the  fashion  to  decry  the  moral  reflec- 
tions of  the  pietist  in  order  to  exalt  the  maxims  of  the  politician; 
that  are  at  best  but  the  faint  and  far-off  echo  of  the  moralist's  appeal 
to  man's  sense  of  right. 

Ideas  of  divided  responsibility,  of  limited  liability,  of  corporate 
representation  and  the  like,  fertilising  as  they  may  be  to  the  growths 
of  material  progress,  are  not  less  productive  of  the  evil  weeds  which 
choke  the  amaranthine  plants  of  spiritual  life.  The  creed  of  the 
collectivists  is  a  poor  thing  to  weigh  against  the  call  of  the  conscience. 

The  growth  and  permanence  of  the  communities,  the  nations 
and  the  empires  now  in  building — all  the  aspirations  and  all  the 
strivings  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  all  the  upward  movement  of 
mankind  must  surely  depend  upon  the  answer  to  that  call!  In 
William  Penn's  conception  of  liberty  is  found  the  law  of  life, 
embodied  in  the  love  of  God  and  man. 

Thus  in  his  life  and  in  his  teaching  is  found  the  divine  solu- 
tion of  the  problem,  ever  presented  to  the  builder  of  human  com- 
munities, civic,  national  or  imperial,  how  to  preserve  the  liberty 
of  each  individual  with  the  liberty  of  the  corporate  body;  how  to 


90  William  Penn  Memorial 

secure  the  unity  of  the  units ;  how  to  labour  that  all  men's  good  shall 
be  each  man's  care;  and  how  to  prove  that  on  that  basis  only  can 
the  good  of  all  be  permanently  adjusted. 

Commemorating  the  baptism  of  William  Penn  in  the  old  City 
of  London,  we  may  well  commemorate  also  the  birth  of  the  City  he 
founded  in  the  New  World,  when  he  stood  among  the  Indian  chiefs 
and  called  upon  the  "Great  Spirit  who  rules  the  Heavens  and  the 
Earth,"  to  whose  service  he  was  dedicated  by  his  father  at  his 
baptism. 

These  be  the  reasons  for  ever  reverencing  the  memory  of 
William  Penn — and,  as  it  was  my  great  privilege  to  attend  in  state 
the  very  impressive  Ceremonial  Service  on  the  erection  of  a  Memorial 
Tablet  in  the  ancient  Church  of  Allhallows  Barking,  by  the  distin- 
guished representatives  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society  in  New  York, 
and  have  since  been  invited  to  make  some  observations  upon  the 
subject  so  deeply  interesting  to  the  British  and  American  people, 
I  venture,  as  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  City  of  Penn's  birth,  to 
offer  in  all  humbleness  of  heart  this  Memoir  and  Tribute  to  his 
memory. 


PENN   TREATY    MONUMENT,    SHACKAMAXON,    PHILADELPHIA 


THE    NAVE    OF    ALLHALLOWS    BARKING 


%-' 


ALLHALLOWS    BARKING* 

The  Church  of  AUhallows  Barking  is  at  the  end  of  Great  Tower 
Street,  E.  C,  to  the  west  of  the  Tower  of  London ;  it  is  immediately 
opposite  Mark  Lane  Station  of  the  MetropoHtan  Railway.  It  is  the 
oldest  parish  church  with  a  continuous  history  in  the  City  of  London, 
and  is  one  of  the  eight  churches  that  survived  the  great  fire  of  1666. 

Visitors  to  AUhallows  Barking  should  not  make  the  mistake  of 
seeking  it  in  the  town  of  Barking  in  Essex.  The  latter  was  a  con- 
vent founded  in  the  seventh  century  by  Erkenwald,  afterward  bishop 
of  London  and  Saint.  The  City  parish  of  AUhallows  is  an  irregular 
tract  of  about  fifteen  acres,  and  it  is  presumed  that  this  land  belonged 
to  St.  Erkenwald  and,  together  with  the  manorial  rights  and  the 
tithes,  formed  part  of  the  endowment  of  the  convent. 

Of  the  form  and  history  of  the  church  for  four  hundred  years 
nothing  is  known.  With  the  Norman  Conquest  it  begins  to  emerge 
into  definite  history,  and  it  is  probable  that  a  new  building  was 
erected  after  the  fire  of  1087  which  devastated  the  City  in  that  year. 
But  the  name  "Barking  Church"  seems  to  have  been  quite  definitely 
fixed,  for  it  is  so  designated  in  the  reign  of  King  Stephen.  At  all 
events,  the  convent  of  Barking  founded  the  vicarage  of  AUhallows 
in  1387. 

The  close  proximity  of  the  church  to  the  Tower,  which  was 
both  a  fortress  and  a  royal  residence,  naturally  directed  the  interest 
of  the  English  sovereigns  to  it.  The  earliest  known  royal  gift  was 
made  by  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion  [1189-1199],  who  was  the  founder 
of  a  "fair  chapel"  on  the  north  side  of  the  church.  The  chapel 
speedily  grew  in  fame  and  wealth.  Edward  L  [1272-1307]  placed 
a  painting  of  the  "Glorious  Virgin"  in  it,  painted  by  one  Marlibrun, 
a  Jew  of  Billingsgate.    In  accordance  with  a  vow  made  at  that  time. 


*Works  consulted  in  the  preparation  of  this  chapter:  C.  R.  D.  Biggs: 
Berkynge  Churche  hy  the  Tower.  London,  1899.  W.  K.  Fleming:  The 
Story  of  AUhallows  Barking  hy  the  Tower.  London,  n.  d.  A.  J.  Mason,  D.D.  : 
The  Romance  of  an  Ancient  City  Church.  In  The  Nineteenth  Century. 
May,  1898.  London  and  New  York.  Philip  Norman:  London  City 
Churches  that  Escaped  the  Great  Fire.  In  London  Topographical  Record, 
Vol.  5.  London,  1908.  H.  B.  Wheatley:  The  Diary  of  Samuel  Pepys. 
London  and  New  York. 


92  William  Penn  Memorial 

Edward  visited  the  chapel  five  times  a  year  when  in  England,  and 
he  obtained  special  privileges  from  the  Pope  for  those  who  worshiped 
there.  It  has  been  sometimes  supposed  that  the  heart  of  Richard 
Coeur  de  Lion  was  buried  in  the  chapel,  although  its  possession  by 
the  cathedral  of  Rouen  in  France,  to  which  church  Richard  unques- 
tionably bequeathed  it,  is  now  regarded  as  more  in  accordance  with 
probabilities. 

However,  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary  de  Berking  became  the  care 
of  the  Kings  of  England  and  grew  into  one  of  the  most  famous 
places  of  pilgrimage  in  England,  rivaling,  in  this  respect,  the  London 
shrines  of  St.  Erkenwald  in  the  cathedral  and  of  St.  Edward  the 
Confessor  at  Westminster. 

"Nearly  200  years  after  Edward  I.,"  writes  Dr.  A.  J.  Mason, 
one  of  the  latest  historians  of  Allhallows,  "Edward  IV.[i46i-i485] 
endowed  two  new  chantries  in  this  chapel  with  manors  at  Tooting 
Beck  and  Streatham,  which  had  belonged  to  the  Abbey  of  Bee  in 
Normandy,  and  gave  it  the  title  of  the  Royal  Free  Chapel  of  the 
Glorious  Virgin  Mary  of  Barking;  and  his  brother,  Richard  IIL 
[1483-1485],  who  is  viewed  more  favourably  at  Barking  than  in 
most  other  places,  not  only  founded  a  chantry  in  it  while  he  was 
still  Duke  of  Gloucester,  but,  after  he  became  King,  he  rebuilt  the 
chapel  from  the  ground,  and  made  it  a  Collegiate  Church,  with  a 
Dean  and  six  Canons,  Edmund  Chaderton,  a  great  favorite  of  his, 
being  the  first  Dean.  But  those  were  the  last  days  of  such  institu- 
tions. The  smiling  picture  must  have  perished  by  the  hands  of 
Henry  VUL's  [1500-1547]  Commissioners,  the  chantries  were  dis- 
solved under  Edward  VL  [i  547-1 553]  ;  and  no  trace  now  remains 
of  the  once  celebrated  chapel  unless  it  be  a  handsome  tomb  against 
the  wall  of  the  north  aisle." 

This  is  the  tomb  of  Sir  John  Croke,  one  of  the  first  wardens  of 
a  confraternity  or  guild  connected  with  the  church  and  founded  by 
John  Tibetot  or  Tiptoft,  Earl  of  Worcester  and  Constable  of  the 
Tower  of  London.  Tiptoft  was  the  first  of  English  Humanists 
and  the  warmest  friend  of  Caxton  and  his  printing-press. 

While  royalty  lavished  gifts  upon  the  chapel  the  church  itself 
grew  in  civic  importance.  It  was  convenient  for  the  burgesses  to 
use  it  as  a  meeting-place  before  presenting  themselves  on  official 


William  Penn  Memorial  93 

occasions  at  the  Tower,  and  as  a  neutral  ground  on  which  repre- 
sentatives of  Court  and  City  might  meet.  Thus  in  1265  Sir  Roger 
de  Leiburn,  who  was  sent  by  the  King  to  receive  the  submission  of 
the  citizens  after  the  battle  of  Evesham,  received  the  Mayor  and  the 
citizens  at  the  church  where  terms  were  arranged.  Here  the  citi- 
zens gathered  "in  their  best  apparel"  and  proceeded  to  the  Tower  to 
welcome  the  King's  justiciars  or  to  attend  them  during  their  sittings. 
In  1285,  on  one  of  these  occasions,  the  Mayor,  Gregory  de  Rokesly 
refused  to  attend.  "He  formally  'deposed  himself  in  Berkynge- 
church  by  laying  aside  his  insignia  and  seal  at  the  high  altar  and 
then  entered  the  Court  as  an  ordinary  Alderman."  The  City  was 
declared  to  be  without  a  mayor  and  none  was  permitted  for  thirteen 
years.  Allhallows  was  one  of  the  three  churches  in  which  the  curfew 
was  rung.    The  Knights  Templar  were  tried  here  for  heresy  in  131 1. 

Very  conspicuous  in  the  interior  furnishings  of  the  church  are 
three  magnificent  sword  rests  of  wrought  iron,  commemorating  the 
Mayoralties  of  Eyles,  1727;  Bethell,  1755,  and  Chitty,  1760.  "In 
former  times  the  Lord  Mayor  used  to  attend  some  church  in  the  City 
in  State  every  Sunday;  and  the  parish  to  which  the  Lord  Mayor 
belonged  often  testified  its  pride  by  erecting  for  him,  in  his  official 
pew,  a  rest  for  his  State  sword.  But  no  church  in  the  City  has  such 
fine  hammered  Sussex  ironwork  as  the  sword  rests  in  Allhallows 
Barking,  of  the  Lord  Mayors,  John  Chitty  and  Slingsby  Bethell,  and 
even  these  sword  rests  are  not  so  fine  as  the  handrail  to  the  pulpit, 
or  an  elaborate  hat-peg  close  by,  where  some  great  merchant  must 
have  had  his  pew." 

No  authoritative  information  concerning  the  date  of  the  erection 
of  Allhallows  Barking  appears  to  be  available.  Its  Norman  fabric 
is  now  scarcely  visible,  but  the  nave  columns  belong  to  that  period, 
while  the  general  character  of  the  church  is  due  to  a  rebuilding  in 
the  Perpendicular  style  at  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century.  Although 
the  general  eflfect  of  the  interior  is  harmonious,  it  has  been  exten- 
sively restored  at  various  dates.  In  1634-5  there  were  many  repairs 
and  much  rebuilding.  An  explosion  of  gunpowder  near  by  severely 
damaged  the  southwest  portion,  so  that  nine  years  later  the  tower, 
which  was  at  the  end  of  the  south  aisle  and  was  surmounted  with  a 
spire,  was  taken  down.     The  present  tower  of  brick,  surmounted 


94  William  Penn  Memorial 

with  a  dome,  was  built  at  the  end  of  the  nave.  Although  very  plain 
it  is  not  without  a  certain  grandeur,  and  is  a  very  rare  example  of 
church  architecture  at  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth. 

On  September  5,  1666,  Pepys  wrote  in  his  diary :  "About  two 
in  the  morning  my  wife  calls  me  up  and  tells  me  of  new  cryes  of 
fire,  it  being  come  to  Barkeing  Church,  which  is  at  the  bottom  of  our 
lane."  After  taking  Mrs.  Pepys  and  his  gold  to  a  place  of  safety  he 
returned  to  the  scene  of  desolation.  He  continues :  "But  going  to 
the  fire,  I  find  by  the  blowing  up  of  houses,  and  the  great  helpe  given 
by  the  workmen  out  of  the  King's  yards,  sent  up  by  Sir  W.  Pen, 
there  is  a  good  st.op  given  to  it  as  well  as  at  Marke-lane  end  as  ours ; 
it  having  only  burned  the  dyall  of  Barking  Church,  and  part  of  the 
porch,  and  was  there  quenched.  I  up  to  the  top  of  Barking  steeple, 
and  there  saw  the  saddest  sight  of  desolation  that  I  ever  saw ;  every 
where  great  fires,  oyle-cellars,  and  brimstone,  and  other  things  burn- 
ing. I  became  afeard  to  stay  there  long,  and  therefore  down  again 
as  fast  as  I  could,  the  fire  being  spread  as  far  as  I  could  see  it;  and 
to  Sir  W.  Pen's,  and  there  eat  a  piece  of  cold  meat." 

In  1 814  drastic  restorations  were  made.  The  high-pitched  roof 
of  the  nave  made  way  for  an  inferior  one  of  fir  and  stucco ;  the  ex- 
terior battlements  were  removed,  and  a  seventeenth  century  vestry 
at  the  east  end  was  rebuilt.  Other  repairs  and  alterations  were  made 
in  1836,  i860  and  1870.  The  latest  restoration  was  begun  about 
1893  from  the  designs  of  the  late  J.  L.  Pearson,  the  celebrated  church 
architect.  A  high-pitched  timber  roof  was  erected  above  the  nave 
and  chancel.  A  north  porch  with  a  chamber  above  it  was  added  in 
place  of  a  smaller  structure,  which  had  at  least  the  negative  merit 
of  being  unpretentious.  Outside,  the  plaster  was  removed  from  the 
walls,  which  were  again  battlemented  and  newly  pointed.  As  a  pro- 
tection against  damp,  a  trench  was  dug  along  three  sides  of  the 
church  and  lined  with  tombstones  from  the  disused  burial-ground. 

The  close  proximity  of  Allhallows  Barking  to  the  Tower  made 
its  graveyard  very  convenient  as  a  place  of  burial  for  the  victims  of 
the  scaffold.  In  many  instances  these  burials  were  but  temporary. 
The  body  of  the  celebrated  Bishop  Fisher,  beheaded  June  22,  1535, 
was  "without  any  reverence  tumbled"  into  a  grave  on  the  north  side 
of  Allhallows ;  it  was  subsequently  removed  and  laid  beside  More  in 


William  Penn  Memorial  95 

the  chapel  of  the  Tower.  The  Earl  of  Surrey,  "the  first  of  the  Eng- 
lish nobility  who  did  illustrate  his  birth  with  the  beauty  of  learning," 
was  buried  here  after  his  beheading  on  January  21,  1547;  the  body 
was  subsequently  removed  to  the  family  vault  at  Framlingham,  Suf- 
folk. Similar  executions  and  burials  are  recorded  of  Lord  Thomas 
Grey,  April  28,  1554,  an  uncle  of  Lady  Jane ;  of  Henry  Peckham  and 
John  Daniel  in  1556.  The  location  of  these  graves  is  not  now  known. 
Here,  on  January  11,  1644,  was  buried  Archbishop  Laud,  who  had 
been  beheaded  the  day  before ;  in  1663  his  remains  were  transferred 
to  the  College  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  at  Oxford,  of  which  he  had 
been  President  and  benefactor.  His  steward,  George  Snayth,  who 
had  superintended  Laud's  burial,  was  himself  buried  here  in  1651, 
but  at  a  respectful  distance  from  his  celebrated  master.  The  Non- 
juror, John  Kettlewell,  was,  at  his  own  request  in  1695,  buried  on 
the  spot  where  Laud  had  lain ;  his  epitaph  still  remains  near  the  bot- 
tom of  the  north  aisle. 

Allhallows  Barking  is  peculiarly  rich  in  memorial  brasses,  and 
possesses  one  of  the  richest  collections  in  London.  The  earliest 
is  that  to  William  Tonge,  dating  from  1389;  it  is  small  in  size  and 
circular  in  form.  A  brass  to  John  Rusche,  1498,  is  a  late  example 
of  the  practice  of  placing  animals  at  the  feet ;  in  this  case  a  dog.  A 
brass  to  Christopher  Rawson  [d.  15 18]  and  his  two  wives  is  not 
far  off.  Nor  is  that  to  William  Thynne  and  his  wife,  1546.  Thynne 
was  shown  much  favour  by  Henry  VIH.,  but  he  is  chiefly  famous 
for  having  edited  the  first  complete  edition  of  Chaucer's  works.  A 
brass  to  William  Armar  [d.  1560]  commemorates  a  servant  for  fifty- 
one  years  to  Henry  VHL,  Edward  VI.,  Mary  and  Elizabeth.  A 
superb  brass  commemorates  Andrew  Evyngar  [d.  1533]  and  Ellyn, 
his  wife,  one  of  the  most  notable  monuments  of  its  kind  in  England. 
A  small  brass  to  John  Bacon  and  his  wife  Joan  [1437]  is  the  earliest 
and  most  beautiful  of  its  kind  in  the  County  of  Middlesex.  Other 
brasses,  some  of  them  now  fragmentary,  commemorate  Thomas 
Virby,  the  seventh  vicar,  1434-1453;  Thomas  Gilbert  and  his  wife 
[d.  1483  and  1489],  Roger  James  [1591],  who  came  from  Utrecht; 
and  Mary,  wife  of  John  Bumell ;  she  died  in  1612. 

A  number  of  interesting  monuments  are  affixed  to  the  walls. 
Against  the  east  wall,  on  the  south  side,  is  the  monument  to  Kettle- 


9  6  William  Penn  Memorial 

well.  On  the  north  wall,  near  Croke*s  altar-tomb,  is  the  monu- 
ment of  Jerome  Bonalia  [d.  1583],  who  was  probably  connected  with 
the  Venetian  embassy.  Further  west  is  the  monument  to  Baldwin 
Hamey,  who  was  for  five  years  physician  to  the  Muscovite  Czar,  and 
who  died  in  London  in  1640. 

The  splendid  woodwork  of  Allhallows  Barking  is  worthy  of 
more  than  passing  notice ;  it  constitutes,  indeed,  the  most  conspicu- 
ous feature  of  the  interior.  The  lofty  pulpit  of  carved  oak  was  set 
up  in  1613;  the  sounding-board  was  added  in  1638;  each  face  of  the 
hexagonal  canopy  carries  the  text  "Xpm  praedicam  crucifixum." 
"There  is  a  fine  carved  parclose  at  the  back  of  the  church  behind 
the  old  pews  of  the  parish  officers,  and  another  carved  screen  between 
the  nave  and  the  chancel.  The  altar,  which  is  enclosed  by  a  hand- 
some square  balustrade  of  brass  [put  up  in  1750],  and  is  itself  an 
excellent  piece  of  oak  carving,  with  an  inlaid  top,  is  backed  by  a 
good  reredos,  into  which  are  let,  along  with  oil  paintings  of  Moses 
and  Aaron,  scrolls  and  festoons  of  lime  wood  from  the  hand  of 
Grinling  Gibbons,  who  also  made  the  cover  of  the  font." 

Of  the  clergy  connected  with  Allhallows  Barking  no  one  was 
more  celebrated  than  Bishop  Lancelot  Andrewes,  who,  says  Dr. 
Mason,  may  well  be  claimed  as  the  patron  saint  of  Barking.  It  is 
to  him,  he  adds,  more  than  to  any  one  other  man  that  the  English 
Church  owes  her  escape  from  becoming  a  merely  Protestant  sect. 
Shortly  after  him  came  Edward  Layfield,  nephew  to  Archbishop 
Laud.  He  got  into  serious  trouble  with  Parliament  in  matters  of 
worship.  He  was  arrested  in  the  church  while  divine  service  was 
in  progress,  mounted  on  horseback  in  full  canonicals,  and,  with  the 
prayer-book  tied  around  his  neck  in  token  of  derision,  was  hounded 
through  the  streets  to  prison.  He  was  placed  on  a  galley  ship,  but 
was  subsequently  released.  George  Hickes,  a  very  learned  man, 
was  another  famous  vicar ;  he  resigned  before  the  revolution  which 
brought  William  and  Mary  to  the  throne. 

It  was  after  Layfield  had  been  removed  from  the  parish  that 
Sir  William  Penn  brought  his  infant  son  William  to  be  baptized  in 
the  church,  a  ceremony  that  took  place  on  October  23,  1644.  The 
baptismal  font  at  which  it  took  place  was  shortly  after  cast  out  of 
the  church,  and  the  present  font  has,  therefore,  no  association  with 


"*  *   *  *  *">  *  ■♦J'*  J  ^ 

«''.^     d     *     >^    •'"'l    ******  O*  ^         ^         ^ 


William  Penn  Memorial 


97 


Penn.  This  significant  event  is  duly  recorded  in  the  registers  of  the 
church,  which  remained  intact  from  1558.  They  appear  to  have 
been  kept  with  considerable  care,  and  contain  many  entries  of  per- 
sonal and  historic  interest. 

Of  modern  monuments  the  most  striking  is  the  east  window, 
dedicated  by  the  Bishop  of  London  in  1898 — it  serves  as  a  memorial 
to  the  incumbency  of  Dr.  A.  J.  Mason.  He  it  was  who,  at  the  insti- 
gation of  Archbishop  Benson,  organized  the  present  clergy  of  the 
parish  as  a  college  capable  of  mission  work. 


SEAL  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  1683 


THE 

Peoples  itrS^^Libcrtles 

ASSERTED, 


IN  THE 


TR  Y  A  L 

O  F 

William  Tenn,  and  fyilliam  Mead, 

At  the  Seffions  held  at  the  OM-B^/7^  in  London^  thz 

firft,  thirds  fourth  and  fifth  of  Sept.  jo.  againft 

the.mofl:  Arbitrary  procedure  of  tKatCour^; 


Ifa,  lO,  ij  2,  ?r(?  unto  them  that  Decree  Vm^hem  Becreef^  and- 
write  grievoHfnefs,  which  they  have  prefcrlhd -^  to  turn  away  the 
Nteiyfrom  Judgmenty  and  to  take  away  the  right  from  the  Poor^  &c  ^ 

I'fal.  94. 20i  Shall  the  Throne  of  Iniquity  hai;e  felloi»p)tf  with  thee, 
which  framethmif chief  by  a  Law, 


Sicyolo^  fie  jubeo,  ftat  pro  redone  voluntas. 
oU-Saslyy  tft.  id,  4tb,  Jtb  of  Seft.  i^7t>» 

—  nir  -|  .-  -  .       -       -         ]  -"        •     -  -         I  i-      ^ 

Printed  intheYear^  1670. 

FACSIMILE  OF  TITLE-PAGE  OF  PENN's  PAMPHLET  ON   HIS  TRIAL  AT  THE  OLD  BAILEY 


STAFFORD    HOUSE* 

Stafford  House  is  at  once  the  largest,  with  the  possible 
exception  of  Dorchester  House — within  the  most  gorgeous,  and 
outwardly  the  most  architecturally  unostentatious,  of  London's  pri- 
vate palaces.  "I  have  come  from  my  house  to  your  palace"  Queen 
Victoria  once  remarked  to  the  then  Duchess  of  Sutherland — a  re- 
mark that  at  once  describes  and  classifies  Stafford  House.  It  was 
originally  erected  in  1825  by  Frederick,  Duke  of  York,  second  son 
of  George  HI.  He  never  lived  in  it,  and  on  his  death  it  was  pur- 
chased by  the  government  for  about  £82,000.  In  1827  it  was  sold 
to  the  Marquis  of  Stafford — created  Duke  of  Sutherland  in  1833 — 
for  £72,000  and  an  annual  ground  rent  of  £758,  on  a  ninety-nine 
years'  lease.  The  Marquis  of  Stafford  completed  the  house  from 
the  designs  of  Benjamin  Wyatt  and  with  the  help  of  Sir  Charles 
Barry  by  adding  two  storeys  to  it,  the  third  storey  being  concealed 
by  a  high  stone  coping,  and  by  the  embellishment  of  the  interior 
in  a  way,  perhaps  even  beyond  the  dreams  of  the  royal  Duke  who 
commenced  its  building.  The  mansion  has  been  variously  designated 
as  York  House,  Sutherland  House  and  Stafford  House. 

It  stands  at  the  extreme  south-western  limit  of  the  parish  of 
St.  James's.  It  is  built  of  hewn  stone  and  is  square  in  shape.  The 
north-west  side  is  the  principal  front,  and  has  a  large  projecting 
portico  of  eight  Corinthian  columns  supporting  an  entablature.  The 
south  and  west  fronts,  facing  the  gardens,  are  similar  designs, 
each  having  six  columns  in  the  centre;  while  the  east  front,  which 
abuts  on  the  private  roadway  leading  to  the  Mall,  and  overlooking 
Clarence  House  and  the  gardens  of  St.  James's  Palace,  is  quite  plain. 

Solid  and  to  some  extent  majestic  as  is  the  exterior  it  hardly 
gives  promise  of  the  magnificence  of  the  interior,  with  its  vast 
apartments,  its  superb  hall  and  grand  staircase,  its  wealth  of 
decoration,  and  above  all,  its  wondrous  contents.  To  Wyatt  is  due 
the  planning  of  the  interior,  which  perhaps  recalls  some  of  those 


*  This  description  of  Stafford  House  is  drawn  from  E.  Beresford  Chancel- 
lor's "The  Private  Palaces  of  London";  London,  1908.  The  text  has  been 
somewhat  condensed  and  partly  rearranged.  The  Society  is  indebted  to  Mr. 
Chancellor    for   permission  to  make  use  of  his  valuable  and  interesting  paper. 


loo  William  Penn  Memorial 

Genoese  palaces  in  which  the  arts  of  architecture  and  decorations 
were  carried  to  their  furthest  Hmits.  The  Great  Hall  is  entered 
through  immense  doors  formed  of  mirrors,  which  are  only  opened 
on  special  occasions;  but  when  open  reveal  the  grand  staircase 
lighted  by  a  skylight  fitted  with  engraved  glass,  with  its  majestic 
double  flight  of  steps  leading  to  the  gallery  that  surrounds  the  vast 
space. 

The  walls  of  the  Hall  are  of  imitation  giallo  antico,  relieved  at 
intervals  by  Corinthian  columns  of  white  marble;  and  when  we 
remember  that  it  is  no  less  than  eighty  feet  square,  and  that  it  rises 
to  a  height,  in  the  centre,  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet,  we  can 
gain  some  idea  of  its  surprisingly  grand  effect.  This  is  enhanced 
by  the  gilding  of  the  staircase,  and  the  red  and  white  marble  of  the 
floor,  but  chiefly,  perhaps,  by  Lorenzi's  copies  of  paintings  by  Paul 
Veronese,  which  fill  the  compartments  of  the  walls,  representing 
"St.  Sebastian  Conducted  to  Martyrdom,"  "The  Marriage  of  St. 
Catherine,"  "The  Nativity,"  a  female  saint;  and  "The  Martyrdom 
of  St.  George."  Murillo's  "The  Prodigal's  Return"  and  "Abraham 
and  the  Angels,"  now  in  the  Gallery,  formerly  hung  here. 

On  the  ground  floor  the  Great  Hall  is  surrounded  by  a  number 
of  rooms,  all  splendid  in  decoration,  of  great  height  and  fine  pro- 
portions, and  all  filled  with  numberless  treasures  of  art.  In  the 
Dining  Room  are  a  number  of  paintings  that  have  recently  been 
moved  to  it,  among  which  a  landscape  by  Jacob  Ruysdael,  with  cattle 
by  A.  Van  der  Velde,  and  another  by  Claude,  are  noticeable,  as  are 
particularly  a  very  delicate  pair  of  Wynants,  as  well  as  a  delightful 
"Market  Place"  by  Lingelbach,  and  a  view  of  The  Hague  by  Jan 
Hackaert,  in  which  the  figures  have  been  attributed  to  Nicholas  de 
Helt  Stockade.  Here,  too,  hangs  Pordenone's  "Woman  Taken  in 
Adultery" ;  and  among  the  portraits  is  the  large  canvas  of  Harriet, 
Duchess  of  Sutherland,  wife  of  the  second  Duke,  with  her  daughter, 
afterwards  Duchess  of  Argyll,  by  Lawrence,  painted  in  1823;  the 
second  Duke  of  Sutherland  by  the  same  master;  Lord  Gower  by 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds;  while  Mr.  Sargent's  fine  full-length  portrait 
of  the  present  Duchess,  with  its  remarkable  bit  of  painting  of  the 
"tender  inward"  of  the  left  hand,  and  its  splendid  realism,  hangs 
close  by. 


William  Penn  Memorial  loi 

Next  to  the  Dining  Room  is  the  Ante-Dining  Room.  Here  is 
Jan  Miel's  "Monks  Distributing  Alms  at  the  Door  of  a  Convent" ; 
G.  di  Giovanni's  "Christ's  Charge  to  Peter" ;  and  an  "Adoration  of 
the  Magi,"  a  triptych,  by  an  unknown  master;  Madame  Vigee  le 
Brun's  portrait  of  the  Princess  Radziwill  is  also  here ;  as  are  a  pair 
of  compositions  made  up  of  those  so-called  "Roman  Ruins"  by 
Pannini,  which  at  one  time  formed  a  favourite  subject  for  classical 
interpretation;  but  the  most  charming  of  the  pictures  in  this  room 
are  two  landscapes :  one  a  river  scene  by  Philip  de  Koningk,  and  a 
landscape  with  figures  by  Wynants.  There  is  also  "A  Skirmish 
of  Cavalry"  by  Van  der  Meulen. 

The  Red  Drawing  Room,  so  called  because  its  walls  are  hung 
with  red  damask,  is  reached  from  the  Ante-Dining  Room.  With 
the  exception  of  two  Murillos,  representing  the  Saints  Justa  and 
Rufina,  the  paintings  are  by  Italian  masters.  Here  is  a  "Holy 
Family"  by  Valerio  Castello;  another  "Holy  Family"  by  Ludovico 
Caracci;  a  "Salvator  Mundi"  attributed  to  Guercino;  and  a  copy 
of  Raphael's  "Madonna  della  Sedia."  The  carved  and  gilded 
cornices  are  particularly  noticeable  here. 

The  Ante-Library  strikes  a  quieter  tone;  it  contains  ten  paint- 
ings, chiefly  of  the  Dutch  and  Flemish  schools.  One  of  the  most 
beautiful  is  a  river  scene  by  Van  Goyen,  which  is  regarded  as  an  ex- 
ceptionally fine  example.  There  is  a  landscape  with  cattle  by  Jacques 
Artois;  a  "Marriage  of  St.  Catherine"  by  Rubens;  a  landscape  by 
Pynacker;  an  old  woman  saying  grace  by  Brecklecamp,  "An  Al- 
chemist" by  Granet,  and  a  portrait  of  Mile,  de  Charolais  by  Nattier. 

Adjoining  is  the  Green  Library,  to  which  the  dominant  colour 
of  the  hangings  gives  the  name.  Here  hangs  the  portrait  group  of 
Lady  Evelyn  Sutherland  Leveson-Gower,  afterwards  Lady  Blantyre, 
and  her  brother  Lord  Stafford,  later  third  Duke  of  Sutherland,  by 
Sir  Edwin  Landseer.  A  number  of  miniatures  are  also  in  this  room, 
such  as  copies  of  Raphael's  "Fornarina"  and  "Leo  X.";  and  the 
"Cleopatra"  of  Guido.  There  is  also  a  scene  from  the  Decameron 
by  Winterhalter,  and  a  portrait  of  Lady  Elizabeth  Sutherland 
Leveson-Gower,  afterwards  Duchess  of  Argyll,  by  Bostock. 

The  Duke's  Sitting  Room  is  an  essentially  private  apartment, 
but  like  the  other  rooms  of  this  sumptuous  palace  contains  many 


I02  William  Penn  Memorial 

works  of  art.  Here  is  a  view  of  the  "Hotel  de  Carnavalet"  in  Paris, 
painted  by  Raguenet  for  Horace  Walpole;  here  is  a  copy  by  Old 
Stone  after  Van  Dyck  of  the  portrait  of  Henry  Jermyn,  Earl  of  St. 
Albans,  who  made  St.  James's  Square,  thus  laying  the  foundation  of 
the  West  End  as  a  residential  quarter.  Among  other  portraits  is 
that  of  a  Venetian  gentleman  by  Paris  Bordone ;  a  portrait  of  herself 
by  Lavinia  Fontana;  a  copy  of  Gerard  Don's  self  portrait;  a 
supposed  head  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots;  a  portrait  of  Elizabeth, 
Lady  Grosvenor  by  Sir  W.  Newton;  and  a  miniature  half-length 
copy  of  Lawrence's  picture  of  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland  and  her 
daughter  which  hangs  in  the  Dining  Room. 

The  room  next  the  Duke's  Sitting  Room  is  called  the  Writing 
Room.  Here  are  a  number  of  portraits,  including  one  of  Landseer 
by  himself,  of  the  first  Duke  of  Sutherland  by  Phillips,  of  the  sixth 
Duke  of  Sutherland,  a  copy  by  R.  Sayers  after  Lawrence  and 
Hogarth's  "Mr.  Porter  of  Lichfield."  Among  the  genre  pictures  is 
one  of  "Travellers  Drinking  at  the  Door  of  a  Country  Inn"  by 
Wouvermanns,  and  Van  der  Eckhout's  "Cavaliers  Playing  at 
Backgammon." 

On  the  ground  floor,  on  the  east  and  west  sides  of  the  Great 
Hall,  run  two  corridors,  both  hung  with  many  paintings  and  filled 
with  marble  busts  of  eminent  men,  the  first  three  Dukes  of  Suther- 
land, and  Charles  James  Fox  among  them ;  and  innumerable  bronzes, 
cabinets  and  bric-a-brac.  Among  the  paintings  are  portraits  of 
Philip  IL  of  Spain  by  Coello ;  Lord  Clanwilliam  by  Lawrence ;  Robert 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester;  and  a  "Venetian  Nobleman"  by  Paul 
Veronese.  Here,  too,  is  Titian's  "Education  of  Cupid"  and  a 
portrait  of  Elizabeth  de  Bourbon,  daughter  of  Henri  IV.  and  first 
wife  of  Philip  IV.  of  Spain  by  Rubens.  The  great  picture  by  Paul 
de  la  Roche  of  Lord  StraflFord  on  his  way  to  execution,  receiving 
Laud's  blessing,  used  to  hang  in  the  Gallery,  but  is  now  in  the  west 
corridor ;  and  here  also  is  the  famous  "Marriage  of  Henry  VI.  with 
Margaret  of  Anjou."  Both  corridors  contain  many  other  interesting 
works  of  art  and  many  valuable  objects,  the  bare  enumeration  of 
which  would  fill  many  pages. 

Splendid  as  are  the  rooms  on  the  ground  floor  of  Stafford 
House,  they  pale  before  the  regal  magnificance  of  those  above  them. 


William  Penn  Memorial  103 

The  Great  Gallery  has  been  properly  termed  ''the  most  magnificent 
room  in  London";  and  rightly  so,  for  there  is  nothing  comparable 
to  it.  Many  of  the  fine  paintings  that  hang  here  once  formed  a 
portion  of  the  famous  Orleans  collection.  Among  those  which  came 
from  that  gallery  are  Tintoretto's  portraits  of  Titian  and  Aretino; 
Gennari's  "Young  Man  Reading"  and  the  "Noah's  Ark"  of  Bassano ; 
Mola's  "St.  John  Preaching  in  the  Wilderness,"  and  a  landscape 
by  Gasper  Poussin ;  the  famous"Muleteers"  by  Correggio,  and  "The 
Circumcision"  by  Bassano.  Others  came  from  Marshal  Soult's 
collection,  including  Zurbaran's  "St.  Andrew";  Velasquez's  "Duke 
of  Gandia  at  the  Door  of  a  Convent";  "Christ  Blessing  Little 
Children"  by  an  unidentified  Spanish  painter,  and  the  two  superb 
Murillos  already  noted. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  enumerate  all  the  paintings  in  this  great 
room,  important  as  many  of  them  are.  Mention  may,  however,  be 
made  of  "Christ  and  the  Women  of  Samaria"  by  Alessandro 
Veronese;  Spagnoletto's  "Christ  at  Emmaus";  "The  Transfigura- 
tion" by  Zucchero;  "The  Ancient  of  Days"  by  Alonzo  Cano;  "The 
Holy  Family"  by  Rubens;  a  "Bacchante  and  Satyr"  by  Nicholas 
Poussin ;  "The  Circumcision"  by  Guido,  who  is  further  represented 
by  a  portrait  of  his  mother;  a  ''Fete  Champetre/'  attributed  to 
Bassano;  a  portrait  of  Cardinal  Chigi  by  Titian;  a  portrait  of 
Colbert  by  Philippe  de  Champagne;  a  "Portrait  of  a  Young 
Man"  by  Moroni;  and  a  portrait  of  Lady  Stafford  by  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds. 

A  word  should  be  said  concerning  the  Romneys,  which  have 
recently  been  removed  here  from  Trentham  Hall,  one  of  the  Duke 
of  Sutherland's  country  seats.  Of  these  there  are  five;  one  repre- 
sents the  Countess  of  Carlisle,  daughter  of  the  first  Lord  Stafford ; 
another  the  first  Lord  Stafford  himself;  another  the  grim  old  Lord 
Thurlow ;  another  Elizabeth,  Duchess  of  Sutherland.  The  most 
impoitant  is  the  charming  group  of  the  children  of  the  first  Lord 
Stafford:  the  Lady  Leveson-Gower,  Lady  Anne  Gower  and  Lord 
Granville.  Stafford  House  contains  another  Romney,  a  portrait 
of  Lady  Hamilton. 

In  the  ceiling  of  the  lantern  of  the  Great  Gallery  is  Guercino's 
"St.  Grisogono  Borne  to  Heaven  by  Angels."    This  splendid  work 


I04  William  Penn  Memorial 

was  once  in  the  church  of  St.  Grisogono  in  Trastevere  and  is  highly- 
characteristic  of  the  painter's  style. 

There  has  recently  been  much  re-arrangement  of  the  pictures 
not  only  in  the  Great  Gallery  but  elsewhere  in  the  house,  which 
has  caused  the  famous  portrait  of  a  Jesuit  by  Moroni  to  be  removed. 
This  work  was  sometimes  called  "Titian's  Schoolmaster,"  because 
of  a  tradition  that  the  great  Venetian  was  wont  to  study  it  and  con- 
sidered it  worthy  of  imitation.  It  came  from  the  Borghese  Gallery 
where  Richardson  saw  it  in  1721.  Hazlitt  says  that  if  he  has  been 
asked  who  painted  it,  he  would  have  replied  "Either  Titian  or  the 
Devil";  and  Waagen  was  so  delighted  with  it  that  he  records  his 
preference  for  it  to  any  other  picture  in  the  collection.  It  is  regarded 
by  many  as  Moroni's  masterpiece.  Van  Dyck's  superb  portrait  of 
the  marble-collecting  Earl  of  Arundel  was  also  formerly  in  the 
Gallery;  it  was  painted  about  1635,  ^^^  was  once  in  the  Orleans 
collection.  Another  fine  work,  which  is  among  those  now  removed 
to  other  parts  of  Stafford  House,  is  Gerard  Honthorst's  "Christ 
before  Caiaphas."  Rubens's  sketch  en  grisaille  for  his  great  picture 
of  the  "Coronation  of  Marie  de  Medicis,"  now  in  the  Louvre,  is 
also  one  of  the  works  of  which  mention  should  be  made.  Raphael's 
"Christ  Bearing  His  Cross"  is  one  of  the  gems  of  the  collection.  It 
was  painted,  it  is  said,  for  the  altar  of  the  private  chapel  of  Cardinal 
Giovanni  de  Medici,  afterwards  Pope  Pius  X.,  and  was  subsequently 
in  the  Medici  Palace  in  Florence. 

The  State  Dining  Room,  in  which  the  Penn  Commemorative 
Dinner  was  served,  is  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  its  elaborately 
carved  and  gilded  ceiling,  and  for  its  white  marble  mantelpieces 
with  massive  ormolu  mounts,  as  well  as  for  its  splendid  decorations, 
which  make  it  only  less  magnificent,  because  smaller,  than  the  Great 
Gallery.  Only  four  paintings  hang  here :  a  portrait  of  Lady  Burling- 
ton by  Buckner;  one  of  Harriet,  Duchess  of  Sutherland,  after 
Lawrence;  and  two  curious  tapestries  representing  Henri  IV  and 
the  Regent  Orleans. 

In  the  State  Ante-Room,  which  divides  the  Great  Gallery  from 
the  Drawing  Room,  and  the  ceiling  of  which  contains  an  allegorical 
painting  by  Paul  Veronese,  "Cupid  Receiving  a  Globe  from  One  of 
the  Graces,"  hang  half  a  dozen  pictures,  three  of  which  are  by  Wat- 


William  Penn  Memorial  105 

teau.  Here  is  "A  Group  of  Travellers  Inquiring  Their  Way  of  a 
Beggar"  by  Velasquez  and  a  "Holy  Family"  by  Rottenhamer,  in 
which  the  flowers  have  been  painted  by  Daniel  Seghers. 

The  south-west  Drawing  Room  is  used  by  the  Duchess  as  her 
Boudoir,  and  is  one  of  those  stately  apartments  which  constant 
use  has  transformed  into  a  homely  living-room.  It  is  hung  with 
green  damask  and  the  decorations  are  in  white  and  gold;  the 
ceiling,  representing  the  "Solar  System,"  was  painted  by  H.  Howard, 
R.A.  On  either  side  of  the  chimney-piece  hang  Fra  Bartolomeo's 
"Virgin  and  Child"  and  Correggio's  "Infant  Christ."  Among  the 
innumerable  beautiful  objects  of  art,  other  than  pictorial  in  this 
room,  are  two  gilt  arm-chairs  which  once  belonged  to  Marie 
Antoinette,  and  which  were  formerly  in  the  Petit  Trianon. 

Many  as  have  been  the  pictures  noted  in  this  description,  they 
constitute  but  a  smaller  number  of  the  rich  treasures  of  this  splendid 
palace.  About  three  hundred  paintings  hang  on  its  walls,  and  it  has 
here  been  possible  to  name  but  a  portion  of  them.  Taken  as  a  whole 
Stafford  House  is  one  of  the  finest  existing  examples  of  the  decora- 
tive style  of  Louis  XIV.  in  London.  It  is,  indeed,  the  last  word  in 
this  mode.  The  note  struck  here  is  one  of  gorgeous  magnificence; 
but  notwithstanding  this,  these  great  gilded  apartments  wear  an  air 
of  comfort  very  seldom  found  in  such  a  connection;  while  those 
actually  in  every-day  use  preserve,  in  spite  of  their  loftiness  and 
huge  dimensions,  a  real  appearance  of  homeliness. 

In  his  interesting  and  charming  "Reminiscences"  Lord  Ronald 
Gower  thus  writes  of  those  who  have  from  time  to  time  assembled 
within  its  walls :  "What  a  succession  of  illustrious  guests  have  been 
welcomed  in  this  splendid  Hall!  Poerio  and  his  fellow-sufferers, 
still  weak  from  their  confinement  in  the  prisons  of  Naples ;  Garibaldi 
the  Deliverer,  clad  in  his  famous  red  garb ;  Livingstone  and  Charles 
Sumner,  besides  a  host  of  princes  and  magnates,  potentates  and 
plenipotentiaries  have  ascended  those  storied  stairs.  On  the 
principal  landing  of  this  staircase,  fronting  the  great  glass  doors, 
which  are  supposed  only  to  open  for  royalty  or  for  the  departing 
bride,  how  many  charitable  meetings  have  been  held,  how  many 
triumphs  of  music  accomplished!  Here  Malibran,  Grisi,  Lablache, 
Rubini  and   Tamburini  have  sung;  here  Ristori  and  Thellusson 


io6 


William  Penn  Memorial 


recited.  Nor  has  this  Hall  echoed  only  to  the  strains  of  Rossini, 
Bellini,  and  Donizetti,  but  also  to  the  voices  of  philanthropists  and 
patriots — ^to  Lx)rd  Shaftesbury  advocating  the  cause  of  the  white, 
and  Garrison  that  of  the  black,  slave." 

Such  was  the  house,  and  such  its  traditions,  in  which  Col. 
Robert  Means  Thompson,  President  of  The  Pennsylvania  Society, 
gave  through  the  rare  courtesy  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  the  Penn 
Commemorative  Dinner  on  July  13,  191 1. 


VANE     ON     PUSEY'S     MILL,     PENNSYLVANIA,     1699 — WILLIAM     PENN,     SAMUEL 
CARPENTER,   CALEB   PUSEY. 


S  OM  £ 


ACCOUNT 

OF    THE 

PROVINCE 


O  F 


PENNSILVANIA 


IN 


AMERICA; 

Lately  Granted  under  the  Great  Seal 


o  F 


ENGLAND 


T  O 


William  Penn,  &a 

Together  with  Priviledges  and  Powers  neceC- 
fary  to  the  well-governing  thereof. 

Made  publick  for  the  Information  of  fuch  as  are  or  may  be 

difpofcd  CO  Tranfport  clicmfelvcs  or  Servaoct 

into  thofc  Parts. 


LONDON:  Printed,  and  Sold  by  "Baipifmn  CLuk 
Booklellet  in  Geori^4ard  Lmka*^'Pttt^  v6%\. 

penn's  "some 

LONDON,    1681 


WILLIAM  PENN  IN  CORK 

There  are  many  interesting  ties  and  associations  linking  the 
Penn  family  with  the  County  and  City  of  Cork.  William  Penn's 
father  was  an  admiral  in  the  English  navy  during  the  Commonwealth, 
and  Cromwell,  who  was  then  Lord  Protector,  in  his  distribution  of 
forfeited  properties  in  Ireland  belonging  to  those  who  were  ad- 
herents to  the  cause  of  the  Stuarts,  was  not  unmindful  of  his  personal 
friends,  amongst  whom  was  numbered  Admiral  Penn.  Accordingly, 
in  1654,  Cromwell  wrote  to  the  Castle  authorities  in  Ireland  to  direct 
that  the  Admiral  should  have  lands  to  the  value  of  £300  a  year  in  the 
County  of  Cork,  near  some  fortified  place.  The  place  selected  was 
the  Castle  and  Manor  of  Macroom,  which  Broghill  (son  of  the  Earl 
of  Cork)  had  seized  for  the  Commonwealth.  However,  after  the 
restoration  of  Charles  the  Second  the  Royalist  General,  McCarthy, 
Lord  Muskerry,  got  back  possession  of  his  forfeited  property,  and 
Penn  the  elder  got  the  castle  and  lands  of  Shangarry,  near  Cloyne, 
as  an  equivalent  for  the  land  of  Macroom,  which  he  had  to  restore 
to  the  rightful  owner. 

So  the  connection  of  the  Penn  family  with  Cork  went  on  until 
in  1667,  the  Admiral  being  then  in  London,  sent  his  son  William, 
then  in  his  24th  year,  to  take  charge  of  his  Irish  estates.  Accordingly, 
young  Penn  lived  in  the  City  of  Cork  for  two  or  three  years,  where 
he  acted  as  agent  for  his  father,  and  in  that  capacity  it  is  said  he 
showed  great  consideration  in  dealing  with  the  tenants.  But  other 
things  of  more  moment  than  rent-collecting  were  destined  to  occupy 
his  thoughts  in  the  southern  capital.  Whilst  residing  in  Cork, 
Penn  met  a  college  friend,  one  Thomas  Lee,  or  Loe,  who  had  settled 
in  the  city  as  a  minister  of  the  recently  established  Society  of 
Friends.  His  intimacy  with  Lee  resulted  in  William  Penn  becoming 
a  member  of  that  Society. 

Soon  after  young  Penn's  adherence  to  the  new  creed  he  was 
called  on  to  suffer  for  his  convictions.  The  very  same  year  that  he 
joined  the  Society  of  Friends  here  in  Cork,  Lord  Orrery,  who  was 
then  Lord  President  of  Munster,  called  on  the  Mayor  of  the  City 
to  seize  and  punish  all  who  attended  the  "Conventicles,"  as  the 
meetings  of  the  Society  were  called.     In  consequence,  on  the  3rd 


William  Penn  Memorial  109 

of  September,  1667,  whilst  Penn  and  his  friends  were  attending  a 
meeting,  they  were  apprehended  and  brought  before  the  Mayor, 
Christopher  Pye,  on  a  charge  of  riot  and  tumultuous  assembly,  and 
thus  it  happened  that  the  future  Founder  of  Pennsylvania  spent  a 
month  in  the  common  gaol  of  Cork,  from  which  he  was  released 
only  by  the  clemency  of  Lord  Orrery,  of  whom  he  was  a  personal 
friend.  On  Penn's  release,  he  returned  to  London,  but  soon  after, 
having  refused  to  take  off  his  hat  to  the  King,  he  was  turned  out 
of  doors  by  the  choleric  old  Admiral,  his  father. 

However,  his  estrangement  from  his  father  must  not  have  been 
of  long  continuance,  for  in  1669  we  find  William  Penn,  junior, 
again  in  Ireland,  and  from  this  time  to  the  middle  of  1670  he  re- 
mained in  this  country  chiefly  employed  in  attending  to  the  Shana- 
garry  estate.  The  unsettled  state  of  the  country,  however,  made 
Admiral  Penn  desirous  of  selling  this  property,  but  a  purchaser 
not  being  easy  to  find,  he  instructed  his  son  William  to  inquire  among 
the  tenants  if  any  were  disposed  to  purchase  the  lands  they  rented, 
a  clear  foreshadowing  of  later  land-purchase  legislation. 

That  these  sales  were  made  seems  uncertain,  but  Wiliam  Penn, 
when  he  had  settled  affairs  somehow,  quitted  Ireland  for  a  time,  and 
his  attention  now  became  occupied  with  the  colonization  of  the 
state  that  was  afterwards  to  bear  his  name.  In  furtherance  of 
this  project,  in  1681,  by  the  influence  he  had  in  Ireland,  where  he 
stayed  some  time  in  that  year,  William  Penn  sent  off  two  vessels 
from  that  quarter  freighted  with  settlers  for  New  Jersey,  of  whom 
the  most  were  Quakers  from  Dublin,  and  the  rest  from  other  parts 
of  the  country  where  Penn  was  known.  He  is  said  to  have  on  one 
occasion  sailed  direct  from  Cork  to  America,  making  Dundanion 
Castle,  near  Blackrock — once  considered  an  almost  impregnable 
fortress,  which  frowned  over  the  waters  of  the  Lee  which  washed 
the  rocks  at  its  base,  but  now  a  picturesque  ivy-clad  ruin — his  point 
of  embarkation. 

Penn's  latest  visit  to  Cork  would  seem  to  have  taken  place  in 
the  spring  of  1690,  when  he  sailed  from  Bristol,  intending  to  visit 
his  estates  there.  He  also  attended  meetings  at  Charleville,  Limerick. 
Birr,  Mountmellick,  Cashel,  and  other  parts  of  the  country,  and 
having  been  more  than  three  months  in  Ireland,  chiefly  engaged  in 


no  William  Penn  Memorial 

religious  services,  Penn  and  his  companions  embarked  for  England, 
and  he  returned  to  his  residence  in  Bristol.  He  died  in  1718,  leaving 
his  estates  in  Ireland  to  his  son  by  his  first  wife,  another  William 
Penn;  and  this  property  remained  in  the  possession  of  his  descend- 
ants down  to  a  few  years  ago,  at  any  rate. — Cork  Examiner,  July  17. 


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